
In the current landscape, access management is of paramount importance due to the increasing prevalence of large-scale data breaches. In fact, a survey highlights that 61% of breaches involve the theft of credential data. Given the magnitude of this issue, solutions like **IAM and PAM** cannot be overlooked. **Identity Access Management (IAM) and Privileged Access Management (PAM)** stand as two primary types of access management systems extensively employed within organizations.

Should you pick **PAM or IAM**, Which one? What’s the difference between the two? Which one’s crucial for your organization? 

Let us take a look at a closer look and find out

### IAM: What is Identity Access Management? {#what-is-iam}

In the realm of cybersecurity space, Identity Access Management (IAM) stands as a fundamental pillar, that regulates and secures passage of users to digital assets. IAM consists of processes such as -  identification, authentication, and authorization, within an organization's digital ecosystem. This process of verification serves as a protective shield, preventing unauthorized access and data breaches that could compromise sensitive data, and applications, or compromise the system’s integrity in any way.

&nbsp;


**Zero Trust Security and IAM**

IAM, in essence, signifies the meticulous orchestration of user profiles, entailing identification, authentication, and authorization mechanisms, all underpinned by unique digital identities. This dynamic field offers a bouquet of features that seamlessly align with the [zero-trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/#user-content-what-is-zero-trust) paradigm in cybersecurity. In this paradigm, each user must confirm their identity whenever they seek access to servers, applications, services, or any other company data, fostering an environment of elevated security.

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**Versatility in IAM Deployment**

The versatile landscape of IAM caters to both on-premises and cloud deployments, presenting a flexible canvas to organizations. [Single Sign-On (SSO)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/single-sign-on-sso) and [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) have emerged as one of the most crucial components of IAM. Using these two technologies, we are able to prevent unauthorized entry, utilizing SSO to streamline the journey across multiple applications once the user's identity is validated. On the other hand, Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds an extra layer of protection by verifying passwords with an additional verification mechanism, which could range from security tokens to biometric verification.


### PAM: What is Privileged Access Management? {#what-is-privileged-access-management}

[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/) emerges as a subset of [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/), its focus is to protect privileged accounts. As organizations navigate the complex landscape of user access, PAM stands out by honing in on a specific subset of users with a unique requirement: access to sensitive and privileged resources. 

Privileged accounts are a handful of user accounts that have access to sensitive resources such as - databases, backend systems, and places where sensitive resources are stored. 
On one hand, IAM authorizes a user who has sought permission to access a system, while PAM restricts access rights to the minimum number of users required to perform authorized functions.

### PAM’s Strategic Safeguarding Measures

PAM takes a proactive stance in safeguarding privileged accounts by employing strategic measures. For instance, it ensures that credentials for Privileged Accounts are stored in a separate, secure repository. This step minimizes the risk of theft or misuse by cyber threats. Additionally, PAM empowers administrators with tools to limit user access using features such as time restrictions, and bolstering control over sensitive areas.

### Defense Against Credential Sharing

Another ingenious move by PAM is its dedication to reducing the risk of credential sharing by making sure every individual uses a unique login.  It mandates that each individual uses their login credentials, thus restricting the practice of shared access. By doing so, PAM serves as a guardian for a company's most confidential user credentials, tokens, secrets, and keys.

### Automatic Defense Against Cyberattacks

A remarkable advantage of PAM is its ability to significantly reduce the need for manual intervention. In times of cyber-attacks, PAM kicks into action, automatically locking down critical systems to prevent any unauthorized access or damage. In essence, PAM is the digital safeguard that ensures valuable assets remain inaccessible to potential threats, and that an organization's sensitive resources stay secure.

### IAM VS PAM {#iam-vs-pam}

Despite being related, IAM vs PAM are still distinct, even though they are often used interchangeably, even though they serve entirely different audience sets. The purpose of IAM solutions is to manage and monitor the security of all the networks in an organization; whereas the purpose of PAM solutions is to manage a specific set of users and machines which require a special level of access to perform sensitive work. We will examine the similarities and differences between these two technologies.

IAM solutions serve a wide range of users across an organization, independent of the company's infrastructure or their devices. In contrast, PAM solutions, in the IAM vs PAM comparison, are primarily deployed for users needing elevated access to privileged information. While IAM focuses on identifying and verifying users, and granting them access to various applications and services, PAM takes charge of monitoring access and user activities.

Specifically, PAM assumes the responsibility of managing access and user actions within exceptionally sensitive systems, usually accessible to individuals holding administrative privileges. This distinction in usage also leads to a significant contrast in the levels of risk managed by each system. Enterprises strive to prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing any part of their corporate infrastructure, with the risk associated with accessing a single data source being considerably lower than the threat posed by accessing entire databases or critical business systems. Consequently, the methods employed for identification and authorization of access diverge between these two systems in the IAM vs PAM landscape.


### IAM vs. PAM: Comparison Table

&nbsp;


| Aspect      | IAM (Identity and Access Management)    | PAM (Privileged Access Management)     |
|--------|-------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| Purpose   | Manages and monitors network security across the organization | Manages specific users and systems with elevated access for sensitive tasks |
| User Scope | Wide range of users and devices across the organization | Users requiring privileged access to sensitive information  |
| Core Functionality | Identifying, verifying, and granting access to various applications and services | Monitoring and managing access and user activities within sensitive systems |
| Risk Management | Focuses on preventing unauthorized access to corporate infrastructure | Manages the risk associated with accessing highly sensitive systems, critical databases, or administrative privileges |
| Authorized Methods | Typically involves user identification and authorization for general access | Includes advanced methods for securing access to highly sensitive resources |
| Differentiation in usage | Primarily used for controlling access and user actions within exceptionally sensitive systems | Deployed for broader network security management and access control       |


### Similarities Between IAM and PAM {#similarities-between-iam-and-pam}


**1. Role-Based Access Control**
An inherent likeness exists between IAM and PAM concerning access control via roles. Not everyone holds complete privileges for all resources, and users aren't granted unrestricted access solely based on their immediate needs. There are predefined roles that streamline policy formulation and implementation. Roles consist of predetermined sets of permissions tailored to specific tasks or job functions.

&nbsp;


**2. Robust Authentication**
Both IAM and PAM share a common trait of robust authentication. This entails the use of multifactor authentication methods to facilitate access. This approach ensures that only verified users, equipped with substantial credentials, are granted entry.

&nbsp;


**3. Multi-Factor Authentication**
The integration of multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a recurrent theme in both IAM and PAM, adding an additional layer of security beyond traditional username and password credentials. MFA employs distinct identifying data—such as biometric information or randomly generated codes—in conjunction with unique user possessions like company-issued smartphones. This fusion of factors safeguards access, even if unauthorized individuals uncover user credentials.
Continual surveillance
A shared principle underscores the significance of continuous monitoring in both IAM and PAM landscapes. Strong and continuous monitoring helps in protection against possible breaches. By identifying and flagging breaches in their initial stages, organizations are empowered to respond promptly and effectively, before attackers can inflict any damage.

&nbsp;


**4. Strict Policy Adherence**
Following policies rigorously is crucial for both PAM and IAM to work effectively, especially in scenarios when certain users make important changes to the systems. Well-crafted policies can limit access at specific times, except for urgent situations. IAM and PAM policies execute well in situations when strong protection is needed against potential threats/weaknesses.


### Which one should you use? {#which-one-should-you-use?}

In order to shield yourself from any internal and external threats, organizations should ideally implement both the solutions, IAM and PAM. When both the tools are implemented companies will be able to remove any kind of vulnerabilities within the system, that can serve as a gateway for hackers to exploit the loophole. Hence a robust security solution that regulates passwords, and monitors user activities, with faster auditing of all user accounts is of paramount importance. 


### Deploy PAM and IAM with miniOrange {#deploy-pam-and-iam-with-miniorange}

miniOrange ensures a close integration between IAM and PAM, by ensuring that the redundant process of privileged user accounts and day-to-day user accounts are avoided. This is done by combining the tools and functionalities of both PAM and IAM such as automated provisioning and deprovisioning, keeping track of user activity, auditing, and compliance, along with holistic user identity protection.  

### FAQ {#faq}

**1. What is the difference between IAM and PIM and PAM?**

IAM vs PAM is a common question in the field. IAM (Identity and Access Management) focuses on managing user identities and controlling access to resources. PIM (Privileged Identity Management) is a subset of IAM that specifically manages privileged accounts and their access. PAM (Privileged Access Management) goes a step further by securing, managing, and monitoring privileged access to critical systems. In essence, IAM handles general user access, PIM manages privileged identities, and PAM ensures secure privileged access. When comparing PAM vs IAM, it's important to understand that PAM identity management adds an extra layer of security to privileged accounts.

&nbsp;

**2. What is the difference between IAM and PAM and DAM?**

In discussing IAM vs PAM vs DAM, IAM (Identity and Access Management) is a comprehensive framework for managing digital identities and access rights. PAM (Privileged Access Management) focuses on securing and managing privileged accounts with elevated access rights. DAM (Data Access Management) deals with controlling and monitoring access to sensitive data. While IAM and PAM focus on user and privileged access management respectively, DAM is specifically concerned with data security and access governance. Understanding the differences between privileged access management vs identity access management is crucial for implementing effective security measures.

&nbsp;

**3. What is IAM and PAM in cybersecurity?**

IAM and PAM play crucial roles in cybersecurity. IAM (Identity and Access Management) involves the processes and technologies used to manage digital identities and control access to resources. It ensures that the right individuals have access to the right resources at the right times. PAM (Privileged Access Management) enhances cybersecurity by securing, managing, and monitoring privileged accounts and their access to critical systems, thereby reducing the risk of security breaches from privileged accounts. The integration of IAM and PAM is vital for comprehensive security.

&nbsp;

**4. What is the difference between an IAM engineer and a PAM engineer?**

The difference between an IAM engineer and a PAM engineer can be seen in their roles and responsibilities. An IAM engineer specializes in implementing and managing Identity and Access Management solutions, focusing on user identity lifecycle, authentication, and access control across the organization. A PAM engineer, on the other hand, is responsible for securing and managing privileged accounts, ensuring that privileged access to critical systems is controlled, monitored, and audited. While both roles are essential in cybersecurity, the IAM engineer handles general user access, and the PAM engineer focuses on privileged access security. Comparing IAM vs PAM roles helps in understanding the distinct focus areas of each.


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Book your demo with us today, for Privilege Access Management  - [Link](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam)


IAM is used to identify and manage user identities digitally across the whole company, while PAM only focuses on privileged access to sensitive systems.

IAM vs. PAM: What’s the difference?


### What is a PAM Solution? {#What is a PAM Solution?}

A **PAM solution** stands at the forefront of cybersecurity, offering a robust strategy for protecting organizations from **credential theft** and misuse of privileged access. **Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions** focus on managing and overseeing elevated privileges associated with user roles, resources, accounts, and systems within an IT environment. By implementing a **PAM security solution**, organizations effectively **shrink their attack surface**, thereby reducing the likelihood of external cyber attacks and mitigating damage from insider threats, whether intentional or accidental. Recognized by analysts and tech experts, PAM solutions are key to diminishing cyber risk and maximizing the return on security investments.

A **PAM security solution** employs a variety of cybersecurity strategies and technologies to exert control over privileged access. One such strategy is the concept of least privileges in a PAM solution. It ensures that users are granted the minimum levels of access necessary to carry out their job functions. With this organizations can significantly reduce their attack surface, limiting potential avenues for malicious insiders or external cyber threats. This reduction in exposure helps to mitigate the risk of costly data breaches and other security incidents that could have severe consequences for the organization.

Understanding what a **PAM solution** is and how it operates is crucial for modern cybersecurity practices. By incorporating a **privileged access management (PAM) solution** into their security framework, organizations can ensure that they are utilizing one of the **best PAM solutions** available to protect their critical assets and maintain robust security postures.


### The Importance of PAM Solutions {#the-importance-of-pam-solutions}

The absence of an effective **PAM solution** can lead to **substantial financial and operational losses** for businesses. In an era of increasing cyber threats and expanding endpoints, vulnerabilities are more pronounced. Issues like repeated use of passwords, inadequate access management, and lack of monitoring and auditing leave systems open to unauthorized access. Furthermore, insufficient visibility into privileged users, accounts, and shared credentials exacerbate these security challenges.

**PAM solutions** address these issues by ensuring complete control and accountability over all privileged accounts. They automate privilege management and secure endpoint access, identifying machines, accounts, and applications with administrative rights across workstations and cloud servers. Features like Privileged Account Password Management and automated password rotation comply with stringent password policies, updating credentials automatically.

A **privileged access management PAM solution** provides granular access control, allowing organizations to tailor their security infrastructure by granting, modifying, and revoking access as needed. This level of control is vital for maintaining security and minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or misuse of privileged accounts. By enforcing the least privilege principle, PAM solutions guarantee that users have only the permissions necessary for their tasks, significantly reducing the potential attack surface.

Implementing the **best PAM solution** helps organizations maintain robust security postures by automating key security processes and enhancing visibility and control over privileged access. This comprehensive **PAM security solution** approach is essential for modern cybersecurity practices.


### What Features Should You Look For In A PAM Solution? {#What Features Should You Look For In A PAM Solution?}


**1. Password Vault and rotation** :  The [Password Vault](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault) simplifies password management by providing easy handling of passwords, including updates, password rotations, disposal, and tracking. It seamlessly integrates with existing systems, making password management a seamless process. One of its key features is the secure storage of privileged passwords within an encrypted vault, ensuring that sensitive credentials are protected from unauthorized access or theft. By using the Password Vault, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of credential theft, enhance endpoint security, and enhance the overall cybersecurity posture of their organization.

**2. Audit trails**: 
Session and [audit trails](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) closely monitor user and session activities, Admins have access to an audit log that tracks all actions performed by privileged users during their sessions, providing detailed event information and timestamps for each event.

These audit trails enable administrators to promptly detect suspicious behavior, system issues, operational problems, and related errors. Audit trails play an essential role in keeping track of privileged user activities and mitigating the risks associated with unmonitored access and misuse within systems.

**3. Session Monitoring and Recording**:   Through [Session monitoring and recording](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring), the PAM solution offers advanced oversight and accountability for users accessing privileged accounts. This functionality offers granular control over critical assets like databases, servers, and network devices, ensuring that privileged access is closely monitored and recorded. Real-time monitoring of sessions and user activities allows for thorough organizational audits, enabling administrators to track and review actions taken during privileged sessions. Additionally, there is also an option to terminate a session while session monitoring. 

**4. Just-in-Time (JIT) Privileged Access**: The [Just-in-Time Access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) grants users access to accounts and resources for a specific, limited timeframe. This approach aims to minimize risk by providing access only when necessary, preventing users from having more privileges than required. Rather than granting permanent, unlimited access, temporary access is provided on demand. Access is restricted based on predefined roles, adhering to the Principle of Least Privilege (POLP). This ensures that users have access only to what is essential for their designated tasks and responsibilities.

**5. Endpoint privilege management**: With [EPM](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/endpoint-privilege-manager), users are granted only the necessary privileges and access to applications, ensuring robust security. Unauthorized applications are easily restricted or blocked, creating a fortified environment. Privileges are granted on a needs basis, allowing trusted applications to run with the lowest possible privilege levels. EPM protects desktops, laptops, and servers from attacks, reducing the risk of data theft or ransomware encryption.

**6. Privilege Elevation and Delegation**: enables users to temporarily elevate their privileges on a granular level when needed to complete a task, without granting them permanent administrative privileges. It reduces the risk of accidental exposure, limiting access to privileged accounts and resources only when needed. The principle of least privilege is applied through digital password vaults, granting temporary admin accounts on a need basis, ensuring secure access to critical resources.

**7. Granular Access Control**: Refers to implementing precise and detailed access controls that are based on the principle of least privileges. This approach restricts access to privileged accounts by assigning permissions at a highly specific level, [Granular Access Control](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control) gives users only the minimum access required to perform their authorized tasks. Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) are two common methods used for implementing granular access controls. By adopting granular access control, organizations can enhance security, minimize the risk of unauthorized access, and maintain a more controlled and efficient privileged access management system.

**8. Privileged Account Discovery**: This identifies and catalogs all privileged accounts within an organization's IT infrastructure, it consists of accounts with elevated privileges or administrative access on various systems such as servers, databases, network devices, and applications. There is a comprehensive inventory of all privileged accounts, making it easier for organizations to manage and secure these critical accounts effectively. By knowing where these privileged accounts exist, organizations can implement stronger security measures, and conduct regular audits.

**9. Integration with Identity and Access Management (IAM)**:
Merging Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions with existing [IAM](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/) systems creates a unified approach to access control, user provisioning, and user lifecycle management. This integration enables seamless and efficient management of both standard user accounts and privileged accounts from a single centralized platform. It allows administrators to apply consistent security policies, access rules, and authentication mechanisms to all users, regardless of their privileges, thereby simplifying the overall management and ensuring a more robust security posture for the organization.


### miniOrange PAM Solution: Unveiling the Realm of Privilege with an Array of Account Types! {#miniOrange-pam-solution-unveiling-the-realm-of-privilege-with-an-array-of-account-types}

We have categorized the Privileged accounts into several types, each serving distinct roles within an organization's IT infrastructure:

- **Local administrative accounts**: These accounts provide elevated privileges on individual endpoints or devices within a network. They are used to manage the local system settings, and their misuse can lead to unauthorized access and potential security breaches.
- **Domain administrator accounts**: Have the highest level of access rights within an IT environment. These accounts have control over all the other user accounts, workstations, and all network resources across the entire domain. Securing these accounts is vital as compromising them can cause severe network damage. 
- **Service accounts** : These are created to enable specific services or applications to interact securely with the operating system or resources on the network. Such accounts are often used for automation, and it's essential to properly manage and secure them to prevent potential abuse by attackers.
- **Application accounts** : Application accounts are used by software applications to get full access to specific applications and data stored in those apps, databases, and related resources. E.g. Service accounts require precise management to ensure minimal permissions for any task.
- **Privileged accounts** : These accounts are the elevated access to privileges over standard users, they have significant access rights across various systems and applications, making them highly attractive targets for cybercriminals.
- **Emergency accounts**: They are intended for crisis situations or troubleshooting scenarios where regular privileged accounts might be unavailable. In times of disaster or disruption, emergency accounts grant non-privileged users temporary admin access to critical systems for securing operations.

Properly handling and overseeing various privileged accounts is essential for a strong privileged access management (PAM) strategy. It is crucial to protect these accounts effectively to reduce the risk of unauthorized access and potential security issues in an organization's IT infrastructure.

### What Are The Benefits Of Privileged Access Management? {#What Are The Benefits Of Privileged Access Management?}

Privileged Access Management (PAM) plays a crucial role in enhancing the security of an organization's IT infrastructure, let us look at some of the benefits of Privileged Access Management. 

- **Enhanced security** : PAM solution helps to fortify an organization's IT infrastructure by minimizing the risks posed by human errors and misuse of privileged accounts.
- **Reduced attack surface** : Limiting privileges for users, processes, and applications decreases potential pathways for both internal and external threats.
- **Mitigated malware risk** : Removing excessive privileges and enforcing the least privilege curtails the ability of malware to infiltrate and spread within the system.
- **Improved operational performance** : By restricting privileges to authorized activities, PAM solutions reduce compatibility issues between applications and lower the risk of downtime.
- **Simplified compliance** : PAM solution creates an audit-friendly environment, streamlining compliance efforts and facilitating assessments and reporting.
- **Cyber insurance support** : Cyber insurance often requires PAM solutions for reducing cyber risk. These controls are essential to get or renew cyber liability coverage and protect against financial losses from any cyber incidents. 

### How Does Privileged Access Management (PAM) Software Work? {#How Does Privileged Access Management (PAM) Software Work?}

Implementing Privileged Access Management (PAM):
To enhance security with PAM, follow these key steps:

- **Gain Visibility**: Select a PAM solution that provides comprehensive visibility into all privileged accounts used by human users and workloads. This allows you to identify and eliminate default admin accounts and enforce the least privilege principle, granting users only the access they need.
- **Govern and control access** : Maintain continuous oversight of privileged access and manage privilege elevation to prevent unauthorized access, thereby protecting your organization's cybersecurity.
- **Monitor and audit activities** : Establish policies that define acceptable behavior for privileged users and identify policy violations. Regular monitoring and auditing ensure compliance and enable swift action against suspicious activities.
- **Automate PAM solutions** : Implement automation for discovering, managing, and monitoring privileged accounts, users, and resources. Automation facilitates scaling across numerous accounts, reduces administrative burden, and simplifies complexity.
- **Gradual implementation and expansion** : Begin with the PAM solution tailored to your IT department's immediate needs and gradually integrate additional modules for enhanced functionality. Follow security control recommendations to ensure compliance with regulations effectively.

### Unlocking the Key to Security: miniOrange's PAM Best Practices {#unlocking-the-key-to-security-miniOranges-pam-best-practices}

![Benefits of adopting pam practices](/blog/assets/2024/benefits-of-adopting-pam-practices.webp)

Implementing a Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution requires adherence to best practices that bolster security and mitigate risks within an organization's IT infrastructure. Let us have a look at these essential guidelines that we implement in our PAM solutions:

- **Implementing MFA** : Strengthens the sign-in process by incorporating [Multifactor Authentication(MFA)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa). This additional layer of security demands users to verify their identity through a trusted device when accessing accounts or applications.
- **Automation of Security** : Automating security processes minimizes human errors and enhances efficiency.  Automation is utilized to swiftly restrict privileges and prevent unauthorized actions in situations of potential threats.
- **Restrict End-Point Users** : Identifies and eliminates unnecessary end-point users from the local admin group on IT Windows workstations. By doing so, the risk of threat actors is reduced using admin accounts to move through the network, steal credentials, and elevate their privileges.
- **Monitor Privileged User Sessions**: Audit and monitor privileged access activities track user actions and privileged password usage. Setting baseline standards for acceptable behavior helps detect any suspicious deviations that could threaten system security.
- **Granting Limit Privileged Access**: Consider granting temporary just-in-time access and just-enough access instead of providing perpetual privileged access. This ensures that users have a valid reason for elevated access and only for the required timeframe.
- **Employ Activity-Based Access Control**: Provide privileges based on a user's actual resource usage and historical activity. Closing the gap between granted and used privileges enhances security and minimizes unnecessary access.

By following these best practices, organizations can implement an effective PAM solution, fortify their security measures, and significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access and potential security incidents within their IT infrastructure.

![Benefits of adopting pam practices](/blog/assets/2024/best-practices-for-implementing-a-pam-solution.webp)

### FAQs {#faqs}

**1. Why Do You Need A PAM Solution?**

PAM is important for organizations as it helps to protect against security risks posed by credential theft and privilege misuse, it also helps in reducing the risk of data breaches and cyber-attacks.

**2. What is the importance of privileged access management?**
The importance of privileged access management lies in its ability to control, monitor, and secure privileged identities and activities, limiting potential security breaches and unauthorized access to critical systems, data, and resources.


Privileged Access Management focuses on regulating, supervising, safeguarding, and verifying identities within an IT framework.

PAM Solutions

In today’s digitally interconnected world, the way we work is changing. Access to privileged resources is an underlying concern in today’s corporate landscape, and it is paramount for modern organizations to understand the nuances of managing and safeguarding privileged access. But, in this quest to protect privileged resources, organizations may find it challenging to figure out the right solution to implement. 

**[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://miniorange.com/pam) and Privileged Identity Management (PIM)** often intertwine within this sphere, leading to confusion. This blog aims to clarify these terms, highlighting their differences, workings, and how they fit within the broader scope of **[Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/)**.


**Key takeaways from this blog:**

1. Fundamental definitions of PAM and PIM.
2. Uncovering differences between PIM and PAM.
3. An overview of how PIM and PAM operate.
4. Distinction between IAM, PAM, and PIM.
5. PAM or PIM: Guide to choosing the right one.

## What is PIM and PAM? {#what-is-pim-and-pam}

PIM and PAM are interrelated terms used in the Privileged Management space, but both have fundamentally different roles to play in securing the Privileged resources of any organization. To clear up the confusion, it is important to learn the definitions of Privileged Access Management (PAM) and Privileged Identity Management (PIM).
 
### What is Privileged Access Management (PAM)?

PAM or [Privileged Access Management](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) refers to implementing cybersecurity mechanisms or strategies that enable organizations to take control over the [elevated privileged access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm) and permissions for users, accounts, processes, and systems across the corporate IT environment. PAM is a powerful tool for managing and monitoring privileged access, and it empowers organizations to defend against data breaches to prevent misuse of sensitive information.

### What is Privileged Identity Management (PIM)?

PIM or Privileged Identity Management is a strategy or mechanism that is built for managing and securing Privileged User Identities (the identities that have privileged access to critical company resources). It involves the identification, organization, and administration of the roles and access privileges of individual users within or across an organization. The fundamental function of PIM is to ensure adequate authentication, authorization, and audit of privileged identities.


## What Is The Difference Between PIM and PAM? {#what-is-the-difference-between-pim-and-pam}

While PIM and PAM are both critical components of a comprehensive privileged management strategy, their primary applications differ significantly. PAM is access-centric, emphasizing the security of privileged access to systems and data. It prevents data breaches with access control capabilities and enables admins to monitor & record sessions. When PAM is in place, any imposter cannot gain unauthorized access to privileged resources. On the other hand, PIM is identity-centric, focusing on the management of users who have privileged access. It ensures that users have privileged access only when it is required for their work. When PIM is in place, the risk of insider threats is minimized and users can only get access to privileged resources based on their roles within the particular organizational setup.

### PIM vs. PAM: Side By Side Comparison Table

| Feature | PIM | PAM |
|----------------|-----------------------|-----------------------|
| Focus | Identity Management | Access Management |
| Goal | Ensure the right individuals have privileged access | Protect privileged access from unauthorized use |
| Strategy | Manage identities to prevent misuse | Control and monitor access to prevent breaches |
| Tools | Identity directories, role management systems | Session monitoring, access control systems |


## How do PIM and PAM work? {#how-do-pim-and-pam-work}

**How do PAM solutions work?**

PAM systems work by creating a secure, streamlined way to authorize and monitor all privileged user access to all relevant privileged systems. A PAM solution includes features like: 

1. **[Multi-Factor Authentication](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) on privileged access** - adding an extra layer of security that hackers or malicious actors cannot bypass,
2. **[Session Monitoring & Recording](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring)** - For detecting any suspicious activities and taking swift action to curb any attempts of unauthorized access, and 
3. **[Secure Vaults](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault) for password storage** - For enhancing security by safeguarding privileged credentials from falling into the hands of cyberattackers.

Apart from the above features, there are many more features that are employed to ensure a robust Privileged Management strategy to protect privileged resources and sensitive information.



**How do PIM solutions work?**

PIM systems ensure that only authorized individuals or validated user identities can assume privileged identities within the enterprise network. PIM involves features like:

1. **[Role-Based Access Control](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control)** - to ensure that only adequate privileges are granted as per the requirement of the role that a particular user is assigned to. 
2. **[Identity Lifecycle Management](https://www.miniorange.com/products/user-lifecycle-management)**- to elevate and delegate privileges based on the change in roles of the current user and to remove privileged access when the user no longer serves the organization, and 
3. **[Comprehensive Auditing](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail)** - which acts as an instrumental tool to manage privileged identities effectively. To monitor suspicious behaviors and activities or detect any anomalies to render timely responses.

Apart from the above features, there are many more features that are employed to ensure robust Identity management of [Privileged user accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts) and to protect these accounts from falling into the wrong hands.

![How PIM works](/blog/assets/2024/how-pim-solution-works.webp)

## What is IAM? And How is it different from PAM and PIM? {#what-is-iam-and-how-is-it-different}

In the world of cybersecurity, Identity and Access Management (IAM) is the umbrella that covers both PAM and PIM. Privileged Management strategies as a whole are a critical part of IAM strategies. 

**Understanding the IAM solution**

IAM is a framework of policies and security mechanisms, which are implemented in any modern organizational environment to ensure that the right users have the appropriate access to different company resources. The IAM solution empowers organizations to manage user identities, their authentication, authorization, roles, and privileges within or across different systems and enterprise environments.

*“IAM serves as the foundation for both PIM and PAM.”*

**IAM Vs. PAM Vs. PIM**

PAM is a subset of IAM focused specifically on privileged access. PIM is also a subset of IAM, focusing on managing privileged identities.

**Which One Should You Go With?**

Deciding between PAM and PIM depends on your organization's specific needs:

- If your primary concern is controlling and securing access to your systems and data, PAM might be the right focus.
- If you're more concerned with managing who has privileged access and ensuring they are the right individuals, PIM will serve your needs better.
- In reality, most organizations will benefit from implementing both PAM and PIM strategies to ensure a comprehensive security posture. 
- Balancing both access and identity management ensures not only that the right people have access, but also that this access is securely managed and monitored.

PIM and PAM share the goal of securing privileged access within an organization. A robust cybersecurity strategy will often include both PIM and PAM to ensure not only that access is protected, but also that the identities holding that access are properly managed. 


## miniOrange Privileged Management Solution {#miniorange-privileged-management-solution}

The miniOrange, a vital player in the Identity & Access Management space, offers a holistic Privileged Management Solution that includes both **PAM & PIM functionalities** to empower organizations aiming to bolster their defense against the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats. The solution ensures [Granular Access Control](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control), strictly adhering to the Principle of Least Privileges. By integrating standout features such as [Privileged Remote Access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control), Automated [Password Rotation](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation), and Real-time oversight via [Privileged User Session Monitoring & Recording](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring), the solution strengthens account protection. With stringent password policies in place, combined with periodic rotations, the system ensures secure authentication for all high-level accounts.

**Key Features and Offerings of miniOrange PAM:**

1. Comprehensive [Password Vault](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault) for Machine and User Credentials Management.
2. [Just-in-Time (JIT) Privileged Access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access).
3. Detailed [Privileged Session Audit Trail](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-access-for-web-apps)
4. Robust Privileged Access Control.
5. Streamlined [Privileged Access for Web Applications](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-access-for-web-apps).
6. Central Console with Multi-Tenant Support.

You can see the miniOrange PAM in action and test all the features for free in your enterprise environment by claiming your [30-day free trial with POC.](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/free-trial)

Learn the difference between PIM and PAM. Choose the right privileged management solution for your organization.

PIM vs. PAM: What’s the difference?


The **principle of least privilege** enforces strict access controls, allowing users and applications only the essential permissions needed, enhancing security without hindering productivity. **Least privilege access control** minimizes risks by restricting privileged accounts while maintaining seamless operations without IT help desk intervention.

## What is the principle of least privilege (POLP)? {#what-is-the-principle-of-least-privilege}

![what is the principle of least privilege](/blog/assets/2024/what-is-principle-of-least-privilege-polp.webp)

The **Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)** is a fundamental concept in **least privilege security**, where users, processes, or systems are granted only the minimum access rights necessary to perform their tasks. This targeted access not only reduces attack surfaces and minimizes the risk of a **least privilege security breach**, but it also streamlines access management, leading to cost efficiency by lowering the chances of costly security-related breaches or accidents.

For example, in a corporate setting, an employee in the finance department should only have access to financial data and tools, not to the entire company’s database. This **least privilege access control model** ensures that even if the user's account is compromised, the potential damage is contained, protecting the broader system. Additionally, by granting only necessary permissions, operational efficiency is increased, as users have clear, role-based access to the tools they need, reducing confusion and minimizing errors.

## What is privilege creep? {#what-is-privilege-creep}

Privilege creep occurs when users gradually acquire more access rights than necessary for their current tasks, often violating the **principle of least privilege**. This typically happens when organizations revoke all administrative rights initially but later re-grant privileges to allow users to run essential legacy, homegrown, or commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) applications. Once these elevated privileges are re-granted, they are rarely revoked, leading to an accumulation of excessive access rights.

This excessive access contradicts the **least privilege access principle** and reopens security vulnerabilities, making organizations more susceptible to threats. To address privilege creep, implementing **least privilege access controls** is crucial. By adhering to the least privilege access model, organizations can ensure that users maintain only the minimum access necessary, reducing security risks and enhancing overall protection.

## What is the principle of least privilege in cybersecurity {#what-is-the-principle-of-least-privilege-in-cybersecurity}

![Principle of least privilege in cybersecurity](/blog/assets/2024/principle-of-least-privilege-in-cybersecurity.webp)

The principle of least privilege (PoLP) is a fundamental cybersecurity concept that ensures users, applications, or systems are granted only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their functions. By adhering to this least privilege access principle, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of accidental or intentional misuse of privileges.

Implementing least privilege access control helps to limit access rights, thereby minimizing the potential attack surface and enhancing overall security. A [Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/) solution automates and streamlines the enforcement of PoLP, making it easier to manage privileges across diverse systems and ensuring that users maintain only the access they truly need. This approach not only fortifies security but also simplifies the administration of access rights, promoting a more secure and efficient IT environment.

## How does the principle of least privilege (PoLP) work? {#how-does-the-principle-of-least-privilege-work}

![How the principle of least privilege works](/blog/assets/2024/how-the-principle-of-least-privilege-works.webp)

The **Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)** functions by granting users, applications, and systems only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their required tasks. This approach minimizes the risk of unauthorized access to critical systems or sensitive data, as it limits the potential attack surface. By containing compromises to their area of origin, PoLP prevents security breaches from spreading throughout the entire system, thereby elevating the overall security posture.

In comparison to PoLP, **Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA)** operates on the premise of "never trust, always verify." ZTNA ensures that every access request, whether from a user, device, or application, is continuously verified and authenticated before being granted access to the network or specific resources. This model categorizes users and systems based on trust risks, applying different security controls depending on their classification. For example, employees, contractors, and suppliers might each have different access policies based on their associated risk levels.

## PoLP vs. Zero Trust Security: What's the Difference? {#PoLP-vs-Zero-Trust-Security:-What-is-the-Difference?}
While both PoLP and Zero Trust aim to enhance security by limiting access, their approaches differ. PoLP focuses on minimizing access to essential permissions, reducing the risk of unauthorized actions within an organization. **Zero Trust**, on the other hand, goes a step further by continuously validating every access request, regardless of the user's previous trust level. 

These models are not mutually exclusive; in fact, integrating **least privilege access control** within a **Zero Trust** architecture can provide a comprehensive security framework. By combining PoLP's emphasis on minimal access with Zero Trust's ongoing verification process, organizations can significantly enhance their defenses against potential threats.

The **PoLP** limits the number of "keys" (access permissions) distributed within an organization. **Zero Trust** ensures that every time a key is used, it is thoroughly checked and verified.

## Why Is the Principle of Least Privilege Important? {#why-is-the-principle-of-least-privilege-important}
The **Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)** is a fundamental cybersecurity concept that restricts users, applications, and systems to the minimum level of access necessary to perform their tasks. This approach offers several benefits that enhance organizational security, stability, and compliance.

### Benefits of the Principle of Least Privilege {#benefits-of-the-principle-of-least-privilege}
**1. Better Security:** A notable example is the case of Edward Snowden, who leaked millions of NSA files due to his admin privileges, which far exceeded his actual job requirements. After the incident, the NSA implemented the **principle of least privilege**, revoking elevated access rights from 90% of its employees, significantly reducing the risk of insider threats.

**2. Minimized Attack Surface:** The 2013 Target data breach, where hackers accessed 70 million customer accounts, serves as another case study. The breach occurred through an HVAC contractor who had excessive permissions. By not adhering to PoLP, Target inadvertently created a broad attack surface, which the attackers exploited. Had PoLP been implemented, the access given to the contractor would have been limited, potentially preventing the breach.

**3. Limited Malware Propagation:** Implementing PoLP helps contain malware within the specific area where it first infects a system. By restricting user and system privileges, malware finds it more challenging to propagate throughout the network, thereby minimizing the overall impact of an attack.

**4. Better Stability:** Beyond security, PoLP contributes to system stability by ensuring that any changes or updates are confined to specific zones, limiting the potential for widespread disruption.

**5. Improved Audit Readiness:** Systems built on the **principle of least privilege** are easier to audit, as the scope of the audit is naturally reduced. Moreover, many regulations and compliance standards require PoLP implementation, making it a critical factor in maintaining compliance.

**Lessons Learned**

Organizations like the NSA and Target have shown that failure to implement PoLP can lead to catastrophic security breaches. However, these same organizations have also demonstrated the effectiveness of PoLP when properly applied. The NSA’s drastic reduction in elevated privileges post-Snowden is a testament to the importance of aligning access levels with actual job requirements. Target’s experience underscores the necessity of regularly reviewing and limiting third-party access to essential systems.

## How to Implement PoLP in your organization {#how-to-implement-polp-in-your-organization}

![Steps of implementing the Principle of least privilege organization](/blog/assets/2024/steps-of-Implementing-principle-of-least-privilege-organization.webp)

Implementing the **principle of least privilege** (PoLP) in your organization involves a strategic approach to minimize access rights and enhance security. Here's how to effectively **implement least privilege**:

**1. Discover All Admin and Local Admin Privileges:** Begin by automatically discovering all admin and local admin privileges within your environment. Understanding which employees, devices, and services have privileged accounts is crucial to ensuring compliance with the **principle of least privilege in information security**. This step also helps identify gaps where the **least privilege management** needs to be tightened to prevent a **privilege security breach**.

**2. Inventory All Devices and Software:** Conduct a thorough inventory of all devices and software across your organization. This helps you understand how software is deployed, identify potential risks, and ensure compliance with the **least privilege security principle**. By knowing where software originates, you can better manage trusted vendors and restrict unauthorized installations, aligning with the **least privilege access principle**.

**3. Monitor Privileges and Understand Their Usage:** Before enforcing the **concept of least privilege**, monitor current privileges to see how they are used. Identify which employees actively require elevated access and who may be over-privileged. This understanding allows you to **enforce the least privilege** by replacing unnecessary administrative rights with policies that align with the **least privilege access control** model, ensuring that users maintain only the **least permissions** needed to perform their jobs.

**4. Replace Privileges with Automation Policies:** After auditing your environment, begin reducing privileges for users who no longer require them. For users who still need elevated access, implement automation policies that allow tasks to be elevated on-demand. This approach supports the **least privilege concept** by ensuring that users have the minimum necessary access without becoming over-privileged. By integrating **least-privilege access** with **Privileged Access Management (PAM)** and Application Control, you can effectively manage and secure access across devices, services, and applications, reducing the risk of a **least-privilege security** breach.

## Best Practices and Recommendations {#best-practices-and-recommendations}
Implementing the **principle of least privilege (PoLP)** effectively requires a strategic approach to managing and minimizing access rights within an organization. Here are some best practices to ensure robust **least privilege access** across your systems:

**1. Conduct a Privilege Audit:** Start by auditing all existing accounts, processes, and programs to ensure they only have the permissions necessary for their specific roles. This audit should encompass user accounts, SSH keys, system groups, and hardcoded passwords.

**2. Set Default Access to Minimum:** For all new accounts, start with the minimum necessary privileges. Only grant higher-level access as needed for specific tasks, rather than providing default administrative rights.

**3. Enforce Separation of Privileges:** Differentiate between standard and administrative accounts. Ensure that high-level system functions are kept separate from lower-level operations. This segregation helps reduce the risk of security breaches by limiting access.

**4. Use Just-in-Time (JIT) Privileges:** Implement **just-in-time privileges** to grant elevated access only when needed and for a limited time. This approach minimizes the risk of privilege misuse by eliminating always-on or standing privileges.

**5. Make Individual Actions Traceable:** Implement monitoring, auditing, and user ID systems to ensure all actions can be traced back to individual users. This increases accountability and allows for better oversight of privileged activities.

**6. Regularly Audit Privileges:** Regularly review and update privileges to prevent the accumulation of unnecessary access rights. This ensures that users, accounts, and processes maintain only the permissions they need.

**7. Remove Admin Rights on Endpoints:** By default, assign standard user privileges to all employees. Elevate access only when necessary for specific tasks or applications, and consider removing admin rights entirely from sensitive servers to reduce the attack surface.

**8. Segment Systems and Networks:** Divide your systems and networks into segments based on different levels of trust, needs, and privilege sets. This segmentation limits the potential spread of a breach and enhances security.

**9. Implement One-Time-Use Credentials:** Use password safes to generate one-time passwords for privileged accounts, which are checked out for specific tasks and retired immediately afterward. This reduces the risk of compromised credentials being reused.

**10. Replace Hardcoded Credentials:** Replace static, hardcoded credentials with APIs that retrieve dynamic secrets from secure password safes, especially in DevOps and CI/CD environments.

**11. Extend Least Privilege** Beyond the Perimeter: Apply least privilege access controls not just internally, but also to vendors, contractors, and remote access sessions, ensuring that external users also adhere to strict access limitations.

**12. Analyze and Report on Privileged Access:** Continuously monitor and report on all privileged accounts, including shared admin accounts, service accounts, and cloud accounts. Auditing should capture detailed activities, such as keystrokes and screen actions, to maintain thorough oversight.

## Conclusion {#conclusion}
Implementing the **principle of least privilege (PoLP)** is essential for enhancing your organization's security posture. By restricting access to only what is necessary for each user, application, or system, you can significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access, privilege misuse, and security breaches. miniOrange's Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions automate and streamline the enforcement of PoLP, making it easier to manage and secure privileges across diverse systems. This not only fortifies your defenses but also ensures compliance with industry standards and improves overall operational efficiency. Adopting PoLP with [miniOrange PAM](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-access-management-pam/) will help your organization achieve a robust, secure, and well-managed IT environment.

[![Securing Privileged Accounts with PAM](/blog/assets/2024/get-started-with-miniorange-pam.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam )

Discover how the principle of least privilege enhances security by limiting access to essentials, and learn why least privilege access control is crucial for protection.

What Is the Principle of Least Privilege?

In today's digital landscape, cloud computing has become the backbone of modern enterprises, enabling scalability, flexibility, and efficiency. However, as organizations embrace this transformative technology, the need for robust security frameworks has never been greater. With sensitive data and critical resources increasingly hosted in cloud environments, businesses face heightened risks of cyberattacks targeting privileged accounts.

This is where Cloud Privileged Access Management (PAM) steps in. Designed to safeguard elevated access to critical cloud resources, [privileged access management](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) in the cloud ensures that only authorized users can access sensitive information. As businesses transition from legacy systems to modern architectures, implementing a cloud PAM solution becomes essential to bridge the gap between on-premises systems and [privileged access management](https://miniorange.com/pam) for the cloud.

By leveraging enterprise cloud PAM, organizations can secure their environments while maintaining seamless access for legitimate users. This blog explores the challenges of implementing privileged access management cloud solutions and highlights the transformative benefits of cloud-based privileged access management in mitigating security risks and strengthening enterprise defenses.


## What is Cloud Privileged Access Management? {#What is Cloud Privileged Access Management?}

Cloud Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a security framework specifically designed to protect critical data and resources in cloud environments. It focuses on managing, controlling, and monitoring access to [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/)—those with elevated permissions capable of accessing sensitive information or performing critical functions. By ensuring that only authorized individuals can use these accounts, cloud-based privileged access management mitigates the risks of unauthorized access, accidental data exposure, or malicious actions.

This framework is important for securing modern enterprises as it provides robust controls to handle complex challenges unique to cloud environments. With features like [activity monitoring](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring), [role-based access](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/#:~:text=In%20Role%2DBased%20Access%20Control,can%20view%20or%20modify%20information.), and real-time alerts, privileged access management for the cloud enhances overall security, ensuring that businesses can leverage the cloud safely and efficiently.

<iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NtlINycnjuU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe>

## What Are the Key Terms in Cloud PAM? {#What Are the Key Terms in Cloud PAM?}

Understanding Cloud Privileged Access Management (PAM) requires familiarity with essential terms that form the foundation of cloud and multi-cloud security. These concepts highlight the technologies and strategies crucial for effectively managing privileged access in cloud environments.

### 1. Privileged Access

Privileged access refers to the elevated permissions granted to users or systems that enable them to access sensitive data, configure systems, or manage critical applications. In the context of privileged access management for the cloud, controlling and monitoring these elevated permissions is essential to preventing unauthorized access and reducing security risks.

### 2. Zero Trust

The [Zero Trust security model](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/) operates on the principle of “never trust, always verify.” It requires strict identity verification for every user or device attempting to access resources, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the network. In cloud-based privileged access management, Zero Trust ensures that no complete trust is given to privileged accounts, strengthening overall cloud security.

[![Download PAM buyers guide](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-buyers.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/pam-buyers-guide )

### 3. Just-In-Time Access (JIT) 

[JIT access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) is a security strategy that provides users with privileged permissions only for the duration required to complete a specific task. This temporary access minimizes the risks associated with standing privileges and reduces the attack surface in privileged access management cloud systems.

### 4. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

SaaS refers to third-party software delivered over the internet, offering scalability, flexibility, and ease of management. In cloud PAM solutions, SaaS components enable secure deployment and centralized management of credentials, simplifying operations for businesses.

### 5. Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)

IaaS provides cloud-based infrastructure like virtual machines, storage, and servers. In privileged access management in the cloud, IaaS platforms offer scalable environments to store and manage credentials while ensuring robust security for cloud operations.

### 6. PAM-as-a-Service (PAMaaS)

PAMaaS is a cloud-based delivery model for deploying privileged access management for the cloud. By leveraging hybrid or multi-cloud environments, PAMaaS solutions combine the benefits of SaaS and IaaS to provide a seamless transition from legacy systems to enterprise cloud PAM frameworks.

## Why PAM Is Critical for the Cloud {#Why PAM Is Critical for the Cloud}

The cloud has revolutionized how businesses operate, but it also introduces unique challenges in managing privileged access. Without robust security measures like Cloud Privileged Access Management (PAM), organizations risk exposing sensitive data and critical systems to a range of threats, including insider misuse, unauthorized access, and devastating breaches.

**Challenges in Managing Privileged Access in the Cloud**

1. **Complex Security Models**: Traditional PAM solutions designed for on-premises environments often struggle in the cloud, where dynamic and distributed systems demand continuous monitoring and the ability to trace interactions across multiple cloud services.
2. **Shared Accounts**: Cloud environments often rely on shared accounts across multiple employees, making it difficult to track individual user activities and enforce granular access controls.
3. **Standing Privileges**: Admins may be tempted to configure standing privileges, granting indefinite access to users. While convenient, this opens the door for misuse, as users may access resources they no longer need.
4. **Multi-Service Configurations**: Configuring PAM for diverse cloud services, like virtual machines, containers, and storage, adds complexity and requires significant time and effort.
5. **Administrative Strain**: Manual tasks such as user onboarding, credential rotation, and privilege management can overwhelm IT teams, leading to inefficiencies and potential security gaps.

### Risks of Not Implementing PAM in the Cloud

Failing to adopt privileged access management for the cloud significantly heightens the risk of:

- **Insider Threats**: Without strict controls, privileged users can intentionally or unintentionally misuse their access to compromise sensitive data.
- **Security Breaches**: Standing privileges, misconfigured permissions, and shared accounts make it easier for malicious actors to exploit vulnerabilities.
- **Data Leakage**: The lack of visibility and monitoring across cloud services increases the chances of sensitive information being accessed or exposed.

## The Difference Between PAM in the Cloud and PAM for the Cloud {#The Difference Between PAM in the Cloud and PAM for the Cloud}

When exploring privileged access management cloud solutions, it’s important to distinguish between PAM in the cloud and PAM for the cloud. While both address privileged access security, their implementation and focus vary significantly.

### PAM in the Cloud

PAM in the cloud refers to replacing traditional on-premises PAM systems with fully cloud-based architecture. It is typically a component of **PAM-as-a-Service (PAMaaS)**, where third-party providers manage and deliver the PAM solution using a **cloud-based privileged access management** approach. This method leverages hybrid or multi-cloud environments, enabling organizations to access the latest security technologies without the burden of managing on-premise infrastructure.

**Key Features of PAM in the Cloud**:

- Centralized management of privileged access across cloud and hybrid environments.
- Scalability and flexibility, allow businesses to adapt to changing demands.
- Seamless integration with modern cloud-native applications and services.

### PAM for the Cloud

On the other hand, PAM for the cloud focuses on securing access to **cloud-based applications and services**, regardless of whether the PAM solution itself is hosted in the cloud or on-premises. Organizations often use legacy PAM systems in this context, which can pose challenges when securing cloud environments. For example, older systems may lack the ability to address specific threats like machine-to-machine (M2M) attacks in cloud ecosystems.

**Key Features of PAM for the Cloud:**

- Enables access control for cloud applications, even with legacy PAM systems.
- May lack advanced features like continuous monitoring and Zero Trust architecture if not optimized for cloud environments.
- Often requires additional configurations to secure cloud data effectively.


## Benefits of PAM in the Cloud {#Benefits of PAM in the Cloud}

Privileged Access Management (PAM) in the Cloud is revolutionizing how organizations secure sensitive resources and manage elevated permissions. Unlike traditional on-premises systems, **cloud-based privileged access management** delivers unparalleled scalability, efficiency, and advanced security. Here’s how it benefits modern enterprises:

### 1. Enhanced Security for Multi-Cloud Environments

Managing privileged access across multiple cloud platforms can be challenging. Privileged access management in the cloud centralizes control, providing stronger defense mechanisms against unauthorized access and M2M (machine-to-machine) attacks. It offers real-time monitoring, secure access tiers, and automated password rotations, ensuring consistent security across diverse cloud ecosystems.

### 2. Cost-Effective Scalability

With PAM-as-a-Service (PAMaaS), organizations eliminate the need for costly hardware investments and reduce maintenance overhead. The ability to scale up or down based on business needs ensures that companies only pay for what they use, making privileged access management for the cloud a highly flexible and budget-friendly solution.

### 3. Compliance with Regulatory Standards

Maintaining compliance with regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and other industry-specific standards is a critical priority for enterprises. Cloud-based privileged access management incorporates built-in features and tools to ensure organizations meet stringent data security and privacy requirements, reducing the risk of costly penalties or breaches.

[![PAM Governance and Compliance](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

### 4. Streamlined User Experience

Privileged access management cloud solutions simplify the user experience by automating repetitive tasks such as password rotations and access assignments. Administrators benefit from a unified interface, making it easier to manage multi-cloud environments efficiently. Users, on the other hand, enjoy secure, seamless access without unnecessary delays or friction.

### 5. Operational Efficiency through Automation

Manual management of credentials and privileges can be error-prone and resource-intensive. Enterprise cloud PAM automates tasks like onboarding, offboarding, and access monitoring, allowing IT teams to focus on strategic priorities rather than day-to-day operational demands.

### 6. Robust Multi-Layer Security

With advanced features like Zero Trust architecture, role-based access, and secure authentication processes, cloud PAM solutions deliver a multi-layered security framework. This reduces vulnerabilities associated with standing privileges and ensures sensitive data remains protected across all cloud services.

## What Are the Common Challenges with Cloud PAM? {#What Are the Common Challenges with Cloud PAM?}

Migrating Privileged Access Management (PAM) to the cloud is essential for modern enterprises, but it comes with its own set of challenges. Addressing these issues is critical to ensuring that cloud-based privileged access management solutions deliver robust security and seamless functionality.

### 1. Securing Credentials During Migration

Moving privileged access systems to the cloud introduces risks to passwords and access credentials. Without proper safeguards, these sensitive elements can become vulnerable during the transition. It’s crucial to ensure that credentials are encrypted both in transit and at rest, incorporating **encryption key management (EKM)** to add an extra layer of protection against potential breaches.

### 2. Outdated Security Policies

Many businesses face the challenge of adapting legacy security policies to fit cloud environments. Policies designed for on-premises setups often fail to address the complexities of remote access and distributed teams. This disconnect can leave cloud environments exposed to unauthorized access and insider threats. Updating security policies to align with cloud-specific requirements is essential for a secure **privileged access management cloud** implementation.

### 3. Adjusting to Cloud-Specific Access Needs

Unlike traditional setups, cloud environments often require multi-layered access credentials. For example, organizations may need to implement two-factor authentication that includes device-level and application-level verifications. Without these adjustments, cloud PAM solutions risk falling short in preventing unauthorized access.

### 4. Lack of Visibility Across Multi-Cloud Environments

Managing privileged access across multiple cloud platforms can lead to a fragmented security landscape. A lack of centralized visibility makes it difficult for admins to monitor access, enforce policies, and respond to threats in real-time.

### 5. Administrative Complexity

Cloud migration often increases the workload for administrators, particularly when dealing with encryption, password rotation, and access management for a wide range of services. Without proper automation and streamlined processes, this can lead to inefficiencies and human error.

### 6. Resistance to Change

Adopting privileged access management for the cloud requires rethinking established practices and retraining teams. Resistance to change, coupled with a lack of expertise in cloud-specific PAM implementations, can slow down adoption and leave gaps in security.

## Cloud Security Best Practices {#Cloud Security Best Practices}

As organizations increasingly rely on cloud environments, maintaining robust security while ensuring operational efficiency is paramount. To achieve this balance, adopting effective Privileged Access Management (PAM) practices is essential. Below are some key best practices for securing your cloud infrastructure.

### 1. Apply the Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)

The foundation of a secure cloud PAM strategy lies in adhering to the [Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/). This principle ensures that users are granted access only to the resources and information necessary for their role, minimizing the risk of accidental or intentional misuse. By limiting privileges, organizations reduce their attack surface and protect critical assets from unauthorized access.

For instance, implementing Just-In-Time (JIT) access can dynamically provision access rights, ensuring users only have permissions for the time and tasks required, thus aligning with Zero Trust principles.

### 2. Regularly Audit and Monitor Privileged Sessions

[Monitoring and auditing privileged sessions](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-management) is critical for identifying potential security threats in real-time. By maintaining a comprehensive record of all privileged activities, organizations can:

- Detect unusual or suspicious behavior.
- Ensure compliance with regulatory requirements.
- Conduct thorough investigations in case of security incidents.

Automated PAM tools equipped with advanced session monitoring capabilities can provide actionable insights. They dynamically adjust access permissions based on real-time risk assessments, enhancing both security and efficiency.

### 3. Integrate PAM with Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Integrating PAM with your [Identity and Access Management (IAM)](https://miniorange.com/iam) system creates a unified framework for managing user authentication and authorization. This integration ensures:

- Seamless management of user identities across cloud and on-premises environments.
- Enhanced visibility into access patterns and potential risks.
- Improved scalability for hybrid and multi-cloud infrastructures.

Additionally, combining PAM with data encryption and enterprise key management (EKM) solutions strengthens your security posture. A unified approach to encryption key management and privileged access ensures that sensitive data remains protected while facilitating secure, efficient workflows.

## Next Step! Secure Your Cloud with miniOrange PAM Solution {#Next Step! Secure Your Cloud with miniOrange PAM Solution}

Securing privileged access in the cloud is essential. miniOrange PAM Solution simplifies cloud security with features like Just-In-Time (JIT) access, Zero Trust architecture, session monitoring, and seamless IAM integration. Designed for multi-cloud and legacy transitions, it enhances security, compliance, and efficiency through automation and centralized management.

Protect your cloud resources with miniOrange PAM—secure, scalable, and seamless!

[![Securing Privileged Accounts with PAM](/blog/assets/2024/get-started-with-miniorange-pam.webp)](https://bit.ly/3SM48EW)

Secure critical cloud assets with Privileged Access Management (PAM) for Cloud, offering robust control and protection for privileged accounts

Cloud Privileged Access Management (PAM) - Challenges & Benefits



[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) is your organization's security control center for managing and monitoring high-level access to critical systems. Think of it as a sophisticated vault system that safeguards your most powerful administrative credentials while maintaining detailed audit trails of their usage.

As we head into 2025, PAM has become crucial. Here's why:

Cyberattacks are getting scarier and more complicated. In 2023 alone, 74% of data breaches involved privileged credential abuse. Those compromised admin accounts? They're like golden tickets for hackers.

But here's what makes PAM a game-changer:
- It [automatically rotates privileged passwords](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation), so even if credentials leak, they're already invalid
- Provides [just-in-time access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access), meaning no standing privileges hanging around as security risks
- Records every [privileged session](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-management), so you know exactly who did what and when
- Integrates with [zero-trust frameworks](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/)—essential for today's hybrid cloud environments

The best part? Organizations using mature PAM solutions report 48% fewer security incidents and save an average of $3.3M in breach-related costs annually. In today's threat landscape, that's not just strong security—it's smart business.

Let us look into some of the top-notch privilege security use cases of PAM.

## 1. Securing Privileged Accounts & Credentials {#securing-privileged-accounts-and-credentials}

Unmanaged [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/) can pose serious security risks because they often have too many permissions and not enough oversight. Hackers can exploit these accounts to access sensitive data. Many organizations discover they have more privileged accounts than they thought, which increases their vulnerability.

[Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) help automate these accounts' management. PAM creates [strong passwords](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-password-management), stores them securely, and changes them regularly to minimize the risk of breaches. It also enforces strict access controls, ensuring users only have the permissions they need for their roles. Using PAM boosts security, reduces administrative work, and promotes accountability within the organization.

## 2. Applying the Principle of Least Privilege {#applying-the-principle-of-least-privilege}

PoLP makes sure people only have the access they need to do their jobs, which helps prevent unauthorized access and data breaches. By limiting access rights, companies can cut down on threats from both inside and outside. With cyber threats on the rise in 2025, following PoLP protects sensitive data and keeps up with regulations.

Cybersecurity is constantly changing, and using the [principle of least privilege (PoLP)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/) is key. Remote work and cloud services have increased vulnerabilities. Many breaches happen due to compromised privileged accounts, so strict access controls are essential. By enforcing the least privilege, the attack surface is reduced, malware spread is limited, and only authorized personnel can access sensitive information.

PAM plays a crucial role in enforcing least privilege. It helps [monitor and manage user privileges](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-management) to make sure they align with job needs. Regular [audits](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) and automated workflows in PAM can spot and correct overprivileged accounts. This approach boosts security, ensures regulatory compliance, and keeps detailed logs of access activities. Combining PAM with PoLP safeguards critical assets and minimizes risks from excessive user privileges.

## 3. Secure Remote Access for Hybrid Workforces {#secure-remote-access-for-hybrid-workforces}

Remote work brings major security risks from hackers potentially gaining broad network access through compromised home devices or unsecured connections. When employees log in from various locations and personal devices, it becomes harder to spot unusual activity, making it easier for attackers to move undetected through company systems and access sensitive data.

Check out [how miniOrange Privileged Remote Access & Management works](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-remote-access) 

To protect against these threats, modern privileged access management (PAM) tools offer two key safeguards: they record every action taken during [remote sessions for audit trails](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail), and they require multiple verification steps (like combining passwords with fingerprints or security tokens) before granting access to critical systems. This approach helps verify that only the right people can access sensitive resources while maintaining detailed records of all activity.

## 4. Auditing and Ensuring Compliance {#auditing-and-ensuring-compliance}

PAM systems automatically track and document all privileged access activities, generating detailed audit trails required by regulations like SOX, GDPR, and CCPA. These systems enforce access policies, manage user permissions, and provide evidence of who accessed sensitive data, when they accessed it, and what actions they took. This automated documentation significantly reduces compliance costs and audit preparation time.

[Session monitoring in PAM solutions](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) records privileged user activities in real-time, including keystrokes, commands, and system changes. Security teams can watch active sessions, receive alerts about suspicious behavior, and maintain complete video-like recordings of all privileged access. This level of monitoring helps organizations quickly detect potential security incidents and provides concrete evidence for auditors and investigators when needed.

[![miniOrange Privileged Access Management Compliance Benefits](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

## 5. Managing Third-Party Vendor Access {#managing-third-party-vendor-access}

Giving vendors unrestricted access to company systems creates significant risks, as they could accidentally or intentionally access confidential data beyond their job needs. Without proper limits, vendors might view sensitive financial records, customer data, or intellectual property they don't need for their work, increasing the chance of data breaches.

To minimize these risks, companies should grant vendors access only when needed and limit it to specific systems required for their tasks. This means setting up automatic access expiration after job completion and creating detailed permission levels—for example, allowing a software vendor to update only their assigned applications rather than having broad system access. This controlled approach protects company assets while still letting vendors do their work efficiently.

## 6. Protecting Cloud and Multi-Cloud Environments {#protecting-cloud-and-multi-cloud-environments}

Managing multiple cloud platforms creates unique security challenges since each has different security settings, access controls, and APIs. Companies often struggle to maintain consistent security policies across platforms, making it easier for attackers to exploit gaps or misconfigurations in their cloud infrastructure.

PAM solutions help by providing a single control point to manage access across AWS, Azure, and GCP. They automatically enforce consistent security policies, like requiring approval for high-risk actions or limiting which cloud resources each admin can access. For example, a developer might get temporary access to specific AWS services for a project while being blocked from sensitive Azure databases or GCP storage buckets they don't need to use.

## 7. Securing Kubernetes & Containerized Environments {#securing-kubernetes-and-containerized-environments}

Kubernetes and container security are critical as more companies move their applications to cloud-native environments. The main risks include container escape attacks, unauthorized access to cluster resources, and vulnerabilities in container images. Organizations need proper network policies, [role-based access controls](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control), and regular security scans to protect their containerized infrastructure and prevent data breaches.

Privileged Access Management (PAM) helps secure container registries by controlling who can access, modify, and deploy container images. It creates an audit trail of all registry activities, [automatically rotates credentials](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation), and can detect unusual access patterns that might indicate a security threat. Major cloud providers like AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud have built-in PAM features that integrate with their container services, making it easier for companies to implement strong security controls.

## 8. Strengthening DevOps Environments {#Strengthening-devops-environments}

DevOps teams frequently hardcode passwords, API keys, and other credentials directly into their code or CI/CD pipeline configurations, creating major security risks. When these secrets get pushed to code repositories or stored in build logs, attackers can steal them to access critical systems. Even if repositories are private, former employees or contractors may retain access to these credentials long after they should have been revoked.

PAM tools like [miniOrange Vault](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault), HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, and Azure Key Vault help secure DevOps workflows by safely storing and managing secrets. These tools automatically rotate credentials, provide temporary access tokens, and log all secret access. Instead of hardcoding secrets, applications request them through secure APIs with proper authentication. This approach lets DevOps teams maintain rapid deployment cycles while significantly reducing the risk of credential exposure or misuse.


## 9. Detecting Privilege Escalation & Threat Monitoring {#detecting-privilege-escalation-and-threat-monitoring}

PAM systems use AI and behavioral analytics to spot unusual privileged account activities like off-hours logins, accessing sensitive data, or running unexpected commands. The system flags these anomalies, alerts security teams, and can automatically suspend suspicious sessions before damage occurs. This proactive monitoring helps catch both malicious insiders and compromised credentials.

PAM can detect major data thefts, like the one at a major financial institution, where an IT administrator was discovered downloading customer records at 2 AM using their privileged access. Their PAM system detected this unusual behavior pattern, alerted security, and automatically blocked further downloads. Investigation revealed the admin was collecting data before joining a competitor. 

The PAM system's quick detection prevented a significant data breach, and the company avoided potential regulatory fines and reputation damage.


## 10. Automating Privileged Access Governance {#Automating-privileged-access-governance}

Manual privileged access management becomes unsustainable as organizations grow, leading to access delays and security gaps. Modern PAM platforms automate access workflows, credential rotation, and compliance reporting—reducing manual effort by up to 80% while improving security. This automation handles routine access requests instantly while escalating unusual cases for review.

AI-powered PAM systems analyze historical access patterns, user behavior, and risk scores to make real-time access decisions. The system can automatically approve low-risk requests (like a developer accessing their usual code repository) while denying or flagging suspicious ones (like accessing sensitive data from an unusual location). Machine learning models continuously improve by learning from past decisions and security incidents.


## Getting Started with PAM for Your Business {#getting-started-with-pam-for-your-business}

Starting with a solid PAM solution is easier than you might think. With security becoming more critical, miniOrange PAM solutions offer a comprehensive way to manage and monitor user privileges. Our solutions fit your business needs, integrate seamlessly with your existing systems, and boost both security and compliance.

[![miniOrange Privileged Access Management Buyers Guide and PAM Use cases](/blog/assets/2024/miniOrange-PAM-Buyers-guide.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/pam-buyers-guide)

By choosing miniOrange, you're not just getting a tool—you're getting a partner dedicated to protecting your critical assets. Our PAM solutions help you reduce your attack surface, limit malware spread, and make sure only authorized personnel access sensitive information. With regular audits and automated workflows, we keep you ahead of potential threats, ensuring smooth and secure business operations.

Don't wait for a security breach to show you the importance of access controls. Get started with miniOrange PAM solutions today and strengthen your defenses against the rising cyber threats. Join the growing number of businesses that trust us to protect what matters most. Request a trial for [miniOrange PAM today](https://www.miniorange.com/businessfreetrial)!

Protect and secure the most important administrative user accounts with privileged access management. Study the PAM use cases to strengthen your security.

Top 10 Privileged Access Management (PAM) Use Cases in 2025


In today’s digital age, the banking sector faces an ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats. To combat these threats and ensure the security of financial transactions, the SWIFT Customer Security Programme (CSP) framework has been established. This blog post delves into the intricacies of the SWIFT CSP framework, its significance in banking, and how miniOrange’s Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions can help banks comply with these stringent security requirements.

## Introduction to the SWIFT Customer Security Programme (CSP) {#introduction-to-the-swift-customer-security-programme}

The banking industry is a prime target for cybercriminals due to the sensitive nature of financial data and transactions. To safeguard the global banking system, the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) introduced the Customer Security Programme (CSP). This framework is designed to enhance the security of financial institutions by implementing a set of mandatory and advisory controls.

## Why is it important? {#why-is-it-important}

In 2015, a bank in Vietnam was hit by a cyberattack on the SWIFT system, where attackers tried to steal a significant sum of money. By 2016, similar attacks increased worldwide, with the most serious breach targeting the Central Bank of Bangladesh, resulting in large fraudulent transactions.

To address these growing threats, SWIFT introduced new security measures in 2017. This included a set of mandatory and optional controls for all its customers. Every client is required to confirm they meet these security standards each year, and the results are shared with partners and regulators to ensure proper cybersecurity practices are in place.

## Understanding the SWIFT CSP Framework {#understanding-the-swift-csp-Framework}

The SWIFT CSP framework is a comprehensive set of security controls aimed at protecting the SWIFT environment from cyber threats. It consists of both mandatory and advisory controls that financial institutions must implement to ensure the security of their SWIFT infrastructure.

1. **Mandatory Controls:** These are essential security measures that all SWIFT users must implement. They establish a baseline level of security and are designed to address the most critical vulnerabilities.
2. **Advisory Controls:** These are recommended best practices that SWIFT users are encouraged to implement. While not mandatory, they provide additional layers of security and help institutions stay ahead of emerging threats.

The CSP framework is built around three core objectives:
- **Secure Your Environment:** Protect the local SWIFT-related infrastructure, policies, and practices.
- **Know and Limit Access:** Manage and control access to sensitive systems and data.
- **Detect and Respond:** Implement measures to detect and respond to security incidents promptly.

## Role of Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) in SWIFT Compliance {#role-of-mfa-in-swift-compliance}

[Multi-factor authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-multi-factor-authentication-mfa/) plays a crucial role in improving security. MFA adds an extra layer of protection by requiring users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to SWIFT systems, significantly reducing the risk of unauthorized access, even if passwords are compromised. The SWIFT CSP  framework mandates the use of MFA as part of its security controls. Specifically, Control 4.2 of the SWIFT CSCF (Customer Security Controls Framework) requires MFA to be used when accessing SWIFT-related applications or components, including those operated by third-party service providers.

MFA ensures that the person attempting to access the SWIFT network is indeed who they claim to be by combining something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a security token), and something the user is (like a fingerprint or facial recognition). 

Check out, [miniOrange MFA Solution](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa)

[Implementation of MFA in banks](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/why-mfa-for-banks-and-financial-institutions/) can protect themselves against common cyber threats such as phishing, credential stuffing, and brute force attacks, making it much harder for attackers to gain unauthorized access to sensitive systems. Additionally, MFA helps maintain the integrity and security of financial transactions processed through the SWIFT network by ensuring that only authorized users can initiate and approve transactions, thereby preventing fraudulent activities.}

## Role of Privileged Access Management (PAM) {#role-of-pam}

[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-access-management-pam/) is an important component in securing banking systems. PAM solutions help manage and control access to sensitive systems by privileged users, ensuring that only authorized individuals can have access to critical data/resources. [miniOrange’s PAM solutions](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) offer a wide range of features that align with the SWIFT CSP framework, enhancing the overall security posture of financial institutions.

Check out: [miniOrange PAM Buyer’s Guide](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/pam-buyers-guide)

## miniOrange PAM Features {#miniorange-pam-features}

1. **Password Vault and Rotation:** Securely manages user accounts by [storing](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault)
, [auto-updating](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation), and encrypting privileged passwords. This feature eliminates the need of embedded credentials and ensures regular rotation with [Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) for enhanced security.
2. [**Session Monitor & Control:**](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) Enhance security with real-time streaming, instant termination, and compliance-ready [session recordings](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail). Monitor activities and receive alerts through a user-friendly dashboard for efficient threat management.
3. **Privilege Account and Session Management (PASM):** Control access to sensitive assets with the [Privileged Session Manager](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-management). It defines administrator access, and its duration, simplifies system access, and enforces session restrictions for robust, monitored [privilege account management](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-account-management/).
4. [**Privilege Elevation and Delegation Management (PEDM):**](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm) Assign time-limited access to restricted resources for specific users, customized to their current privilege levels. PEDM avoids granting standard users permanent access to sensitive resources, minimizing risks linked to overly privileged users.
5. **Endpoint Privilege Management:** Protects sensitive data and prevents unauthorized access with comprehensive security across [Windows, Mac](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-access-management-windows-active-directory), and [Linux](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-management-for-linux-unix). Removes local admin rights, enforces the least privileges, and deploys [endpoint security](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/endpoint-privilege-manager) controls to mitigate the risk of security breaches.
6. **Just In Time (JIT) Privileged Access:** Minimize security risks with dynamic, [time-limited privileged access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) precisely when needed. JIT Access ensures as-needed basis resource availability, streamlines operations, and limits misuse potential, supporting a secure, efficient, and compliant IT environment.
7. [**Agentless PAM:**](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/agentless-pam) Offers a hassle-free deployment process that mitigates the risks associated with agent vulnerabilities by eliminating the need to install and manage PAM agents on each endpoint.

[![PAM Compliance Benefits](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

## Implementation of PAM in Banks {#implementation-of-pam-in-bankd}

Implementing miniOrange’s PAM solutions in banking systems involves several steps:

1. **Assessment:** It evaluates the current security posture and identifies gaps in compliance with the SWIFT CSP framework.
2. **Planning:** Development of a comprehensive plan to integrate PAM solutions into the existing infrastructure.
3. **Deployment:** Implement the PAM solutions, ensuring minimal disruption to operations.
4. **Monitoring:** Continuously monitor and manage privileged access to ensure ongoing compliance and security.
5. **Review and Update:** Regularly review and update security measures to address emerging threats and changes in the SWIFT CSP framework.

## Conclusion {#conclusion}

The SWIFT Customer Security Programme (CSP) framework is required to improve the security of the global banking system. By implementing the mandatory and advisory controls outlined in the CSP, financial institutions can significantly reduce their risk of cyberattacks. [miniOrange’s MFA](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) and [Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) solutions provide the necessary tools to help banks comply with the SWIFT CSP framework, ensuring robust security and compliance.

By leveraging these advanced miniorange features, banks can protect their sensitive data, manage privileged access effectively, and maintain the integrity of their financial transactions. Stay ahead of cyber threats and secure your banking systems with miniOrange’s comprehensive solutions.


In this blog, we will explore how the CSP framework strengthens security and ensures compliance for financial institutions.

SWIFT Customer Security Programme (CSP) in Banking


In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, privileged accounts hold the keys to an organization’s most sensitive data and critical systems. These accounts, if not managed properly, pose a significant security risk, as they can become prime targets for cyberattacks. The misuse of privileged access has led to real-world breaches, exposing organizations to data theft, operational disruptions, and financial loss. 

This is where the benefits of privileged access management (PAM) come into play. By implementing robust PAM solutions, businesses can safeguard their critical infrastructure, mitigate insider threats, and reduce vulnerabilities. In this blog, we’ll uncover the top privileged access management benefits for 2024 and why they are essential for a secure digital future.

## Top 10 Most Benefits of Privileged Access Management (PAM) {#Top 10 Most Benefits of Privileged Access Management (PAM)}

[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-access-management-pam/) has become an essential security measure for organizations that aim to protect their sensitive systems and data. The **benefits of privileged access management** solutions are extensive, providing critical defenses against cyber threats while improving operational efficiency. Let’s explore the top 10 privileged access management benefits for 2024.

### 1. Enhanced Visibility Across the Network

One of the top benefits of privileged access management is its ability to provide complete visibility into your network, allowing IT admins to monitor and record activities within [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/) and sessions. By recording privileged sessions, PAM helps prevent unauthorized access, making it easier to enforce a [Zero Trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/) security model. This heightened oversight helps pinpoint and mitigate potential security breaches swiftly.

### 2. Prevents Privilege Abuse and Misuse

Privileged accounts are prime targets for abuse when not properly managed. Privileged access management solutions prevent privilege misuse by enforcing policies like the [Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/#:~:text=The%20Principle%20of%20Least%20Privilege%20(PoLP)%20functions%20by%20granting%20users,limits%20the%20potential%20attack%20surface) and [Zero Standing Privilege](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-standing-privileges-zsp/). Key PAM features such as [Privileged Session Management (PSM)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-management) and [Just-In-Time (JIT)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-just-in-time-jit-provisioning/) access help monitor, record, and control privileged sessions, reducing the risk of internal misuse.

### 3. Simplifies Regulatory Compliance

Regulatory frameworks such as [HIPAA, PCI DSS, and SOX](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance) mandate that organizations manage and monitor access to privileged accounts. By enforcing least privilege access and providing robust auditing capabilities, PAM solutions ease the compliance burden for organizations. PAM solutions make it easier to comply with these regulations by enforcing the Principle of Least Privilege and enabling auditing capabilities. Organizations can meet compliance requirements efficiently, minimizing the risk of non-compliance penalties.

[![Compliance Benefits of Privileged Access Management Best Practices](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

### 4. Improve Employee Productivity

With a PAM solution, IT teams can streamline the [delegation of access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm) through centralized management tools, saving time and increasing efficiency. Features like [password vaulting](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault), [secure remote access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-remote-access), and session management make it easier for employees to perform their duties securely, enhancing overall productivity without compromising security.

### 5. Minimizes Configuration Errors

Misconfigurations of privileged accounts can lead to excessive access and security risks. Privileged access management solutions help minimize these errors by automating access management, ensuring that users have only the necessary privileges. This automation upholds the Principle of Least Privilege, reducing the chance of human error and security gaps.

### 6. Reduces the Attack Surface

By limiting user privileges and enforcing Zero Trust principles, PAM solutions significantly reduce an organization’s attack surface. Cybercriminals find it more difficult to exploit systems when access is strictly controlled. Features like password vaulting also contribute to a stronger security posture by enforcing better [password management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-password-management) and reducing credential-based attacks.

### 7. Eases Breach Containment

If a breach occurs, PAM helps contain it quickly by limiting lateral movement within the network. Because users only have access to the systems they need, a compromised privileged account won’t grant attackers unlimited access to your network. Privileged access management ensures tighter control over privileged sessions, making it easier to contain and remediate breaches.

### 8. Helps fulfill Cyber Insurance Requirements

Cyber insurance providers often require organizations to demonstrate strong security controls. Privileged access management solutions help satisfy these requirements by offering enhanced visibility, security, and control over [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-account-management/). This can help organizations qualify for better coverage or lower premiums.

### 9. Reduces Long-Term Costs

While implementing a PAM solution may have upfront costs, the long-term savings are significant. Effective privileged access management reduces the likelihood of costly data breaches, minimizes downtime, and lowers the risk of regulatory fines. Additionally, it can lead to reduced cyber insurance premiums, ultimately saving your organization money.


### 10. Supports Future Security Initiatives

As organizations adopt more advanced security frameworks like Zero Trust, PAM plays a pivotal role. With features like [JIT access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access), session monitoring, and password management, privileged access management solutions provide the foundation for secure digital transformation, ensuring that only the right users have access to the right resources at the right time.

## Use Cases of Privileged Access Management {#Use Cases of Privileged Access Management}

1. **PAM in Financial Institutions**: In banks, where security and privacy are critical, PAM systems ensure that only approved staff can access sensitive financial data. This reduces the chances of fraud and helps banks meet strict regulatory standards.
2. **PAM in Healthcare**: Hospitals use PAM to control who can view and edit patient records, protecting personal health information. This not only keeps patient data secure but also ensures hospitals comply with privacy laws like HIPAA.
3. **PAM in Government**: Government agencies use PAM to manage access to vital systems and confidential data, preventing unauthorized access and ensuring that national security isn't compromised. This is crucial for protecting the integrity of everything from electoral processes to national defense systems.

## How to Choose the Right PAM Solution for Your Business? {#How to Choose the Right PAM Solution for Your Business?}

When selecting the right [Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam), it's essential to focus on features that match your specific security needs. Look for capabilities like [privileged session management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-management), [password vaults](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault), [endpoint management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/endpoint-privilege-manager), and [granular access controls](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control) to ensure comprehensive protection for your sensitive data. Evaluate the scalability of the solution to ensure it can grow with your business and its ability to [integrate easily](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/configure-privileged-access-management) with your existing IT infrastructure. Additionally, the quality of vendor support and regular software updates are crucial for staying ahead of evolving security threats. A well-rounded PAM solution should not only meet your immediate requirements but also provide long-term security and support as your business evolves.

[![Download the miniOrange PAM Buyer’s Guide](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-buyers.webp)]( https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/pam-buyers-guide )

Discover the top 10 benefits of Privileged Access Management in 2024, including enhanced security, compliance, and reduced risk. Learn more today!

Top 10 Benefits of Privileged Access Management of 2024


[Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) is a crucial cybersecurity strategy that helps organizations protect their privileged accounts from cyber threats. With cybercriminals increasingly targeting privileged accounts to access networks and carry out malicious activities, privileged access management has become a top priority for businesses worldwide. These privileged accounts are crucial for managing IT environments and carrying out administrative tasks, are found everywhere within an organization, including traditional systems and cloud infrastructure.

The importance of implementing PAM best practices cannot be overstated. [Privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/), such as domain administrators, service accounts, application accounts, and root accounts, can become main targets for attackers. If these credentials are compromised, cybercriminals can exploit critical systems, alter data, change configurations, and even bring operations to a standstill. 

For two consecutive years, [Gartner](https://www.gartner.com/reviews/market/access-management/vendor/miniorange) has recognized [privileged access management](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-access-management-pam/) as the top IT security priority. In 2022, it was highlighted as one of the Top 7 Trends in Cybersecurity, particularly under Identity System Defense. Despite this focus, many organizations still struggle to maintain even basic privileged account management best practices, leaving them vulnerable to potential attacks.

Implementing effective privileged user management best practices not only protects sensitive data but also ensures attackers cannot operate undetected within an organization's network. Let us have a look at Top 10 privileged account management best practices that can help businesses to secure their critical accounts, reduce security risks, and protect their operations from disruption.

First, have a look at the four key pillars of the PAM solution to gain a clear understanding of the essential elements that require focus.

## The 4 Pillars of Privileged Access Management {#The 4 Pillars of Privileged Access Management}

To effectively implement privileged access management (PAM) best practices, organizations must focus on four key pillars: Discover, Secure, Audit, and Automate. Each pillar plays a crucial role in strengthening the security of privileged accounts and ensuring that only authorized users have access to sensitive resources. Here’s a breakdown of these pillars and how they contribute to a robust PAM framework.

![four main pillars of privileged access management](/blog/assets/2024/four-pillars-of-privileged-access-management.webp)

###  1. Discover

The first step in any **privileged access management** strategy is to identify all privileged accounts within the organization. This includes not just user accounts but also service accounts, application accounts, and shared accounts. Up-to-date information on all privileged accounts and their associated access rights is required. By identifying these accounts, organizations can gain visibility into who has access to what resources, allowing them to implement **privileged access management best practices** effectively. Discovering and cataloging these accounts is crucial for monitoring access and minimizing potential security gaps.

### 2. Secure

Once the privileged accounts are identified, the next step is to secure them with proper life cycle processes. This involves setting up strict access controls and continuously evaluating the access capabilities of each account based on its type. Effective privileged user management best practices include implementing strong authentication mechanisms, such as [multi-factor authentication (MFA)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), and securing passwords within an [enterprise password vault](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault) to prevent unauthorized access. Regularly rotating and updating passwords, along with enforcing the least privilege principle, ensures that each account only has the permissions necessary to perform its tasks. Documenting these security measures creates a structured approach to privileged access, reducing the risk of exploitation.

###  3. Audit

Continuous [auditing and monitoring](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) are critical components of [privileged account management](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-account-management/) best practices. Regularly reviewing privileged access helps detect any unauthorized activities or anomalies in user behavior. Utilizing session monitoring and logging tools provides detailed tracking of user activities, enabling organizations to identify suspicious behavior promptly. These logs not only serve as an early warning system for potential threats but also provide evidence during security incidents or audits. By integrating routine audits into the PAM Solution, organizations can maintain [compliance](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance), enforce security policies, and ensure that privileged access is managed effectively.

###  4. Automate

The final pillar of **PAM best practices** is to incorporate automation into the organization’s access management processes. Automation tools streamline and standardize access protocols, reducing the chances of human error and enhancing overall security. Implementing tools for just-in-time access allows organizations to grant temporary privileged access when needed, while identity governance and administration (IGA) tools help manage account life cycles efficiently. By automating key aspects of **privileged access management**, such as password rotation and access reviews, companies can enforce security policies consistently, respond to threats quickly, and maintain a high level of control over privileged accounts.

## Top 10 best practices for Privileged Access Management (PAM) {#Top 10 best practices for Privileged Access Management (PAM)}

### 1. Implement Zero Trust & Least Privilege Access {#Implement Zero Trust & Least Privilege Access}

**[Zero Trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/)**: This approach treats every user, device, and network as a potential threat, regardless of whether they are inside or outside the organization's network. Access is granted only after continuous verification of identity, device health, and other contextual factors. [Zero Trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-standing-privileges-zsp/) ensures that unauthorized users cannot move laterally within the network.

**[Least Privilege Access](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/)**: This principle limits user permissions to the minimum necessary to complete their job functions. For example, if an employee only needs to access a specific database for their work, they should not have permission to modify system settings or view other databases. This reduces the attack surface and limits the potential damage in case of a breach. Implementing these policies together strengthens overall security and prevents unauthorized access to sensitive data.

### 2. Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) {#Use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)}

Why MFA? Relying solely on passwords is risky, as they can be guessed, stolen, or compromised through phishing and social engineering attacks. [MFA](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) adds an extra layer of security by requiring additional verification, such as a one-time code sent to a mobile device or biometric authentication.

**How to Implement**: When users log in, they must provide at least two forms of verification (e.g., password and fingerprint). This ensures that even if an attacker acquires a user's password, they still cannot access the account without the secondary factor.

**Employee Training**: Beyond implementing MFA, organizations should train employees to recognize phishing attempts and social engineering tactics that can compromise login credentials. Proper training helps employees avoid falling victim to schemes designed to exploit MFA and strengthens the overall defense strategy.

### 3. Regularly Rotate and Expire Passwords {#Regularly Rotate and Expire Passwords}

**Frequent Changes**: Regular [password rotation](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation) (e.g., every 30-60-90 days) prevents long-term misuse of credentials. In case a password is compromised, frequent changes minimize the window of opportunity for attackers to exploit it. 

**Automatic Expiry**: Configuring passwords to expire automatically enforces this practice and ensures that even dormant accounts do not pose a security risk. Passwords should not be reused, and each new password should be unique to reduce the risk of common passwords being cracked.


### 4. Monitor Privileged Activity {#Monitor Privileged Activity}

**Why Monitor**: Privileged accounts have the highest level of access, making them prime targets for attackers. [Monitoring](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) these accounts helps detect unusual activities, such as login attempts from unfamiliar locations or unauthorized access to critical systems.

**How to Monitor**: Use security information and event management (SIEM) tools to log and analyze privileged account activities. Setting up alerts for specific events, like failed login attempts or access to sensitive files, allows security teams to respond quickly to potential breaches.

### 5. Use Secure Password Storage {#Use Secure Password Storage}

**Encryption**: Store passwords using strong encryption algorithms, such as AES-256. This ensures that even if the password storage is breached, the data is unreadable without the decryption key.

**Password Management Tools**: Utilize [password vaults](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault) or [managers](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-password-management) specifically designed to store privileged credentials securely. These tools not only encrypt passwords but also allow for secure sharing and [automated password rotation](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation), reducing the risk of password exposure.

### 6. Conduct Regular Security Audits {#Conduct Regular Security Audits}

**Review Policies**: Periodically review access controls, password policies, and security procedures to identify any weaknesses or non-compliance with the organization’s security standards.

**Access Audit**: Check who has access to what resources, especially privileged accounts, to ensure that only authorized personnel have the appropriate level of access. Audits can reveal unused accounts or excessive privileges, allowing you to take corrective actions, such as revoking unnecessary access.

Explore how miniOrange PAM Solution meets compliance regulations, click to learn more!

[![Compliance Benefits of Privileged Access Management Best Practices](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

### 7. Limit Access to Sensitive Data {#Limit Access to Sensitive Data}

**Access Controls**: Implement access controls that limit exposure to sensitive information. Sensitive data, such as financial records or customer information, should only be accessible to users who need it for their specific roles.

**Data Segmentation**: Use data segmentation techniques, such as network segmentation or database partitioning, to isolate sensitive information. This containment strategy limits the potential damage of a breach by preventing attackers from easily accessing other parts of the system.

### 8. Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) {#Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)}

**RBAC Model**: [Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/) allows access permissions to be assigned based on roles within the organization. For example, an employee in the finance department will have different access rights than someone in IT support. This helps maintain an organized access control system that is easy to manage and audit.

[Granular Access Control](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control) in a PAM solution operates through an Access Control Policy, which allows restrictions at a highly detailed level. For example, a super admin can block users from running sensitive commands in PowerShell or Command Prompt (CMD), and also prevent users from running unauthorized applications on endpoints.

### 9. Use Privileged Session Management {#Use Privileged Session Management}

Through [Privileged Session Monitoring and Recording](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) all privileged sessions to provide a detailed audit trail. This means capturing who accessed what resources, what actions were performed, and when. Such logs are invaluable for forensic analysis in the event of a security incident. Some tools offer real-time session monitoring and control features, allowing security administrators to terminate sessions if suspicious activity is detected. This proactive approach prevents unauthorized changes and ensures that privileged accounts are not misused.

### 10. Continuously Train and Educate Users {#Continuously Train and Educate Users}

**Security Awareness**: Regularly conduct training sessions to keep employees informed about the latest security threats and best practices for managing privileged accounts. They should understand the importance of strong passwords, MFA, and be able to recognize phishing scams.

**Ongoing Education**: Since attack methods constantly evolve, education should be continuous. Training should also include handling sophisticated social engineering attacks and addressing MFA fatigue. Educating employees empowers them to act as a frontline defense against potential breaches.

### NEXT STEP! 

By adhering to these best practices, organizations can greatly enhance their security posture, effectively safeguarding privileged accounts and protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access and potential breaches. To ensure robust and up-to-date defenses, consider leveraging [miniOrange's](https://www.miniorange.com/) advanced [Privileged Access Management solutions](https://miniorange.com/pam), tailored to meet your specific security needs in 2024 and beyond.

[![Download PAM buyers guide](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-buyers.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/pam-buyers-guide)


Discover the top 10 best practices for Privileged Access Management in 2024 to secure your critical systems and data. Learn expert tips now!

10 Privileged Access Management Best Practices in 2024


PAM for Linux and Unix Systems manages sensitive elements like credentials, SSH keys, and service accounts. While most PAM solutions are great in the Windows environments, effective PAM for Linux, and Unix, is essential to safeguard root privileges and other critical components.

## What is privileged access in Linux? {#what-is-privileged-access-in-linux}

Privileged access in Linux refers to the special permissions granted to certain users, allowing them to perform critical tasks that affect the system's operation and security. These permissions are often associated with the "root" user or other accounts that can modify system files, manage user accounts, and control system settings. Proper [Linux privileged access management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-management-for-linux-unix) is crucial to prevent unauthorized actions, maintain security, and ensure compliance.

Without careful oversight through effective [privileged access management tools](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam), these [elevated permissions](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm) can lead to security vulnerabilities and make it difficult to track and control user activities. Managing privilege access management for the Linux framework effectively is essential for maintaining a secure and compliant system environment.

## What are root privileges in Linux? {#what-are-root-privileges-in-linux}

Root privileges in Linux refer to the highest level of access a user can have, allowing unrestricted control over the system, including administrative actions and access to all files and configurations.

### Importance and Risks of Root Access

Root access is crucial for system administration but poses significant security risks if misused, potentially leading to unauthorized data access and system disruptions. Effective [privileged access management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-access-management-pam/) Linux frameworks mitigate these risks.


### Typical Use Cases for Root Privileges
Root privileges are used for installing software, configuring system settings, managing user accounts, and accessing critical system files. Implementing Linux PAM, Linux access management, and [Linux endpoint management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/endpoint-privilege-manager) ensures secure and efficient handling of root privileges, essential for robust privileged access management Linux and privileged access management Unix systems.

## Sharing Root Privileges in Linux Environments {#sharing-root-privileges-in-linux-environments}

**Methods of Sharing Root Access**

In Linux environments, root access can be shared using the 'su' (switch user) and 'sudo' (switch user and do) commands. The 'su' command allows users to switch to the root user if they possess the root credentials. Conversely, the 'sudo' command lets users run commands with root privileges without needing the root password, elevating the user's permissions temporarily.

**Risks Associated with Shared Root Access**

Sharing root access poses significant security risks. Unauthorized users with root privileges can make critical changes, access sensitive data, and potentially compromise the entire system. Without proper privileged access management of Linux, these activities can go unmonitored, leading to severe security breaches.

**Best Practices for Securely Sharing Root Privileges**

To securely share root privileges, implement PAM (Privileged Access Management) for Linux. This involves regulating, customizing, and auditing root access. Using endpoint management and access management solutions ensures that only authorized users have elevated permissions, and their actions are continuously monitored. This structured approach enhances security and minimizes the risks associated with shared root access.

## Why should Organizations Protect Their Linux Environments? {#why-should-organizations-protect-their-linux-environments}

**Privilege Escalation Attacks**
Organizations must protect their Linux environments to prevent privilege escalation attacks. When a user account is used to perform root operations, it can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive endpoints and resources. Implementing strict access control policies and workflows ensures that admins can grant secure, time-limited access to critical systems, reducing the risk of such attacks.

**Rogue Insider Threats**

Rogue insider threats are a growing concern, with insiders weaponizing standing privileges to control IT ecosystems. To mitigate this risk, organizations need to establish clear boundaries for privileges shared across the Linux network. Eliminating standing privileges helps reduce the potential for rogue insiders to exploit their access.

**Third-party Vendor Privilege Abuse**


Collaborating with third-party vendors often involves granting additional privileges. If these privileges are unnecessary or forgotten, they can lead to privilege abuse attacks. Protecting Linux environments involves carefully managing and monitoring third-party access to ensure that only necessary permissions are granted, thereby preventing potential abuse.

## How to Manage Linux Security in 3 Steps {#how-to-manage-linux-security-in-3-steps}

![Manage Linux Security in 3 Steps](/blog/assets/2024/manage-linux-security.webp)

### Step 1: Centralize User Accounts

The first step in managing Linux security is to centralize user accounts. In a [Windows environment](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-access-management-windows-active-directory), Active Directory (AD) allows for this unification. However, Unix and Linux devices often struggle to integrate with AD due to different authentication protocols. Using an AD bridge can extend Group Policy to non-Windows platforms, allowing you to perform account maintenance and password updates through a single tool. 

This ensures consistent data across all systems, with each user having one username, one ID, one password, and one home directory.

### Step 2: Implement a Central PAM Solution

With identity unification in place, the next step is to implement a central Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution. This solution connects to your AD and allows you to authenticate users and assign privileges easily. PAM solutions enable the ongoing discovery of Unix/Linux superuser privileges, increasing accountability and enforcing consistent management. 

Features such as immutable [audit trails](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) and enhanced controls, like [session monitoring](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) and recording, provide oversight and simplify reporting and compliance. This is crucial for effective privileged access management Linux.

[![Compliance Benefits of Privileged Access Management](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance ) 

### Step 3: Control Privileged Actions

Once users are authenticated and logged in, Unix privilege management controls what actions they can take. Granular control of root credentials limits privileges while meeting compliance regulations and policies for Unix Superuser Privilege Management (SUPM). 

By restricting commands based on defined policies and limiting superuser permissions, you reduce the risk of privileged account abuse or accidental errors. For instance, an SSH command allowlist lets admins log in as root but restricts them to a set of predefined commands, ensuring they can perform necessary tasks without overreaching their permissions.

## How Can Enterprises Ensure Privileged Access Security in Their Linux and Unix Environments? {#how-can-enterprises-ensure-privileged-access-security-in-their-linux-and-unix-environments}

To secure privileged access in Linux and Unix environments, enterprises can implement a Privileged Access Management (PAM) solution that provides comprehensive governance over user permissions and system access. Here's how this can be achieved:

**1. Secure Account Onboarding**

The first step is to periodically discover and onboard all Linux endpoints within the enterprise network. By centralizing these machines on a single platform, PAM solutions enhance visibility across what might otherwise be siloed Linux networks. These endpoints can then be grouped based on organizational hierarchy, ensuring that access is managed according to specific roles and responsibilities.

**2. Automated Remote Password Management**

Once endpoints and associated accounts are onboarded, enforcing robust password policies is essential. PAM solutions allow administrators to automate password resets, using native password generators to rotate passwords on a scheduled or on-demand basis. This automation not only strengthens security but also provides [real-time auditing](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) of password-related activities, such as resets, sharing, and check-outs, ensuring that all actions are tracked and compliant with internal security policies.

**3. Seamless Privilege Escalation and Command Control**

For managing privileged access, PAM tools offer features like [Just-in-Time (JIT) access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access), allowing temporary access to [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-privileged-account-management/) for a limited period. After this period, access is automatically revoked, and passwords are reset, preventing unauthorized access. Additionally, command control enables IT administrators to restrict or allow specific SSH commands, ensuring that users only execute approved actions. This approach allows non-root users to perform necessary tasks with [elevated privileges](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm) without directly accessing root credentials.

By integrating these strategies—secure onboarding, automated [password management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-password-management), and controlled privilege escalation—enterprises can effectively implement Linux-privileged access management. This not only enhances security but also ensures compliance and operational efficiency across their Linux and Unix environments.

## Best Practices for Linux Privileged Access Management {#best-practices-for-linux-privileged-access-management}

Implementing robust practices for Linux-privileged access management is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of your IT environment. Here are some best practices to ensure effective management:

![Best Practices for Linux Privileged Access Management](/blog/assets/2024/linux-pam-best-practices.webp)

**1. Maintain an Updated Record of Privileged Accounts**

Regularly track and update a comprehensive record of all active [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/) within your Linux environment. This practice ensures that you have visibility over who has elevated access, allowing you to quickly identify and manage any unauthorized or outdated accounts.

**2. Secure Privileged Identities in an Encrypted Vault**

Store sensitive credentials, such as passwords and SSH keys, in a [secure vault](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault) that uses standardized encryption algorithms. This ensures that your privileged Linux identities are protected from unauthorized access and potential breaches.

**3. Implement Strong Authentication and Password Policies**

Secure your Linux endpoints by enforcing strict password policies. This includes regular password resets, generating strong SSH key pairs, and automatically resetting these credentials after a single use. These measures help minimize the risk of credential compromise and unauthorized access.

**4. Apply the Principle of Least Privilege**

When sharing access to Linux endpoints, applications, and resources with third-party collaborators, always follow the [principle of least privilege](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/). Grant the minimum necessary permissions required for them to perform their tasks, and promptly revoke any standing privileges once they are no longer needed to prevent unnecessary exposure.

**5. Audit and Record All Privileged Activities**

Conduct regular audits and maintain detailed logs of all actions performed within your Linux environment, such as user SSH sessions, password resets, and privilege sharing. This not only aids in monitoring and preventing unauthorized activities but also provides crucial data for executing immediate corrective measures when needed.

By adhering to these best practices, organizations can strengthen their Linux-privileged access management framework, ensuring that sensitive information is protected, and access is controlled and monitored effectively.


## Secure Your Linux Endpoints with miniOrange – Start Today! {#secure-your-linux-endpoints-with-miniorange–start-today}


Implementing effective [Linux-privileged access management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-management-for-linux-unix) is essential for safeguarding critical systems and ensuring compliance. With [miniOrange's PAM solutions](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam), organizations can achieve seamless integration and comprehensive security. By centralizing user accounts, automating [password management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-password-management), and controlling privileged actions, miniOrange helps enterprises maintain robust security and operational efficiency.

This comprehensive approach to Linux privileged access management enhances visibility, enforces strict access controls, and mitigates risks associated with privileged access, making it an indispensable solution for modern IT environments.

[![Secure Your Linux Endpoints with miniOrange](/blog/assets/2024/linux-endpoint-management-cta.webp)](https://bit.ly/3Au7YMB)



Discover securing privileged accounts with Privilege Access Management (PAM). Get PAM solutions like PEDM, PASM, EPM, JIT, password vault, and rotation.

Privileged Access Management for Linux and Unix | PAM Linux


Dive into the world of privileged accounts with our comprehensive guide, exploring the types and significance of these crucial cybersecurity assets. From admin to system accounts, understand how they form the backbone of [Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) and safeguard your organization's sensitive information and systems. 

Learn how miniOrange's advanced PAM solutions provide unparalleled protection through strategic access control, authentication, and monitoring. Whether you are new to the cybersecurity domain or looking to strengthen your existing framework, this blog offers essential insights into securing your most valuable digital assets.


**Key Takeaways**

- Understand the crucial role and types of privileged accounts in cybersecurity.
- Learn about the significance of privileged accounts in PAM 
- Safeguarding critical assets, minimizing security risks, & enhancing operational control.
- Discover how miniOrange's Privileged Access Management solutions provide robust protection.

## What are Privileged Accounts? {#what-are-privileged-accounts}

Privileged accounts give special permissions that are more than what regular user accounts have, letting them manage and control important IT resources.  Privileged user accounts can be linked to individuals like employees, and contractors, as well as to machines and applications. Individuals or machines having access to these special accounts are known as privileged users. These users need to use specific access codes, like passwords, SSH keys, and DevOps secrets, to prove they have the right to this higher level of access.

Since these accounts have permission to sensitive information and resources, therefore privileged accounts are highly sought-after resources for cyber attackers. They play a crucial role in security breaches, often used to gain initial access or to navigate and escalate privileges within a compromised system. Managing these accounts through privileged access management (PAM)  involves strategies and technologies aimed at securing, monitoring, and [auditing access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) to ensure it's only used appropriately and safely.

## Types of Privileged Accounts {#types-of-privileged-accounts}

**Privilege accounts** can be broadly categorized into two types: The first type includes those that could belong to actual people, like IT administrators, or the other one that belongs to machine users such as applications and services that require elevated access for functioning. 

![Types of Privileged Accounts](/blog/assets/2024/types-of-privileged-accounts.webp)

Some privileged accounts offer a considerable level of increase in access rights, allowing for more capabilities than a standard user account, while there are others, like the root account in [Unix and Linux systems](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-management-for-linux-unix), that grant complete control over the system. It enables users to execute any command or change. Below, we explore more sub-types of the two broad categories mentioned above:


### 1. Admin Account (Root/Administrator Accounts) {#1-admin-account}

Admin accounts are also known as superuser accounts, root/ admin accounts, or supervisor accounts. These accounts grant a few privileged accounts nearly unlimited privileges over a system. Some of the privileges include the ability to execute commands, make system changes, create and modify files, or change settings, additionally, they can grant or revoke permissions for any users.

### 2. Domain Accounts {#2-domain-accounts}

Domain accounts are those with administrative privileges and stand as some of the most critical privilege accounts within any organization. They have unrestricted access across a wide range of assets, making them highly valuable targets for cyber threats. These accounts often include domain administrator accounts, which hold the keys to virtually every part of the IT environment. To safeguard against potential security breaches, organizations must limit the number of these powerful accounts, carefully control who can access them, and ensure they are securely managed. 

### 3. Database (DBA) Accounts {#3-database-dba-accounts}

Database Administrator (DBA) accounts hold critical privileges in an organization’s database management, enabling actions from data modification to full system overhauls. Given their extensive access, these accounts are essential for maintaining data integrity but also pose significant security risks if compromised. Implementing strict Privilege Access measures is important and consists of enforcement of least privilege principles, robust auditing, real-time monitoring, and [strong authentication mechanisms](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-methods). 

Such protocols ensure that DBA activities are closely watched and managed, safeguarding against unauthorized access and maintaining the security and efficiency of the organization's databases.

### 4. Network Accounts {#4-network-accounts}

Network accounts refer to credentials that provide elevated access across network devices and systems, such as routers, switches, firewalls, and network management consoles. These accounts are critical for maintaining the security and efficiency of an organization's network infrastructure but also pose a significant risk if compromised due to their high-level privileges. Managing network accounts within a Privilege Management framework involves tight security measures, including implementing the principle of least privilege to ensure individuals have only the access necessary for their specific roles. 

### 5. Application Accounts {#5-application-accounts}

Application accounts are essential for seamless application-to-application (A2A) and application-to-database (A2D) communications. Mostly it operates autonomously, requesting and receiving credentials for access. However, the widespread practice of using default credentials poses significant security risks. Secure management, including regular credential updates, secure storage practices, and robust authentication methods, is crucial to mitigate these risks and protect against unauthorized access.

### 6. Emergency Accounts (Break Glass) {#6-emergency-accounts}

Emergency accounts, often known as break glass or firecall accounts, are designed to grant users swift access to high-level system accounts they wouldn't normally have permission to use. This can include root access in Unix/Linux environments or SYS/SA access for databases.

Intended strictly for use in critical situations, these accounts come with safeguards such as time-restricted access, often enforced through password expiration or similar controls, to ensure that their use remains strictly controlled and within the context of resolving emergency issues.

### 7. Privileged User Accounts {#7-privileged-user-accounts}

**Privileged user accounts**, typically established locally on endpoints for IT support functions, can act as authorized backdoors with local administrator privileges. Their ad hoc setup often results in security vulnerabilities, such as non-unique or shared passwords across devices, influenced by the device’s age, location, or owner. Ensuring security best practices, like assigning unique passwords and closely monitoring and managing access for each account, is crucial. However, managing these credentials remotely presents a challenge due to network constraints. Strengthening endpoint security by limiting unauthorized inbound connections can further protect these critical accounts.

### 8. Service Accounts {#8-service-accounts}

In Windows environments, service accounts are essential for running services and applications. functioning without the need for local login but with the potential to be exploited for system or application compromises. As these accounts do not correspond to individual users but to services, they often escape rigorous security checks. 

Service accounts operate as shared resources across various assets, requiring effective management to function. Integrating service accounts into a [Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam) system mandates synchronization of any credential changes to ensure services can restart without disruption. 

Identifying and grouping shared service accounts for collective management is crucial to avoid overlooking any account, preventing credential rotation issues, and ensuring new assets using these accounts fall under tight security protocols, thus reducing the risk of security breaches.

###  9. Application Service Accounts {#9-application-service-accounts}

Application service accounts are specialized accounts that run automated services, applications, or processes within an IT environment. In the context of privileged access, these accounts are critical because they often require elevated privileges to perform their functions, like accessing databases, modifying system files, or running programs. Managing these accounts involves ensuring they are granted only the permissions necessary to fulfill their roles, (principle of least privileges).

 PAM strategies for application service accounts also include regular auditing, [credential rotation](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation), and the enforcement of strong authentication measures

###  10. System Accounts {#10-system-accounts}

System accounts are integral to the operation of computer systems, providing the necessary permissions for the system's core processes and tasks. Within Privileged Access, system accounts represent a significant security focus due to their high-level access to critical system components and settings. Proper management of these accounts includes strict control over their use, monitoring of their activity, and the application of security policies that limit their access to what is strictly necessary for system operations. 


## Importance of privileged accounts {#importance-of-privileged-accounts}

Privileged accounts play a pivotal role within Privileged Access Management (PAM) frameworks, underscoring their importance in maintaining organizational security and operational integrity. 

Here’s why privileged accounts are so crucial in PAM:

- **Gatekeepers to Critical Assets**: Privileged accounts act as gatekeepers to an organization's most sensitive and critical systems, including servers, databases, and network devices. Managing these accounts is essential to protect against unauthorized access and potential breaches.
- **Compliance and Audit Requirements**: They help organizations meet strict compliance and audit requirements by ensuring that access to sensitive data and systems is strictly controlled and monitored, aligning with regulations like [GDPR, HIPAA, and SOX](https://www.miniorange.com/compliances/).
- **Minimizing Security Risks**: By managing privileged accounts, organizations can minimize the risk of security breaches. PAM solutions ensure that privileged access is granted based on the principle of least privilege, reducing the attack surface available to cyber attackers.
- **Enhanced Operational Control**: PAM provides an organization with enhanced control over its IT environment. It allows for the [monitoring, recording, and analysis](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) of all privileged account activities, offering insights into potential security threats and operational bottlenecks.
- **Rapid Incident Response**: In the event of a security incident, having a robust PAM strategy that includes efficient management of privileged accounts enables organizations to respond more quickly. It allows for the immediate isolation of affected accounts and systems, mitigating potential damage.
- **Efficient Management of Access Rights**: simplifies the management of access rights for IT administrators. Automated workflows for granting and revoking privileged access reduce manual overhead and enhance overall operational efficiency.

The importance of privileged accounts in Privileged Access Management cannot be overstated. They are central to securing an organization’s most valuable assets and ensuring the smooth operation of its IT infrastructure, making PAM an indispensable part of modern cybersecurity strategies.

## How miniOrange Protects Your Privileged Accounts {#how-miniOrange-protects-your-privileged-accounts}

miniOrange specializes in comprehensive Privileged Access Management solutions, designed to protect your organization's most critical assets. Our approach combines least privilege enforcement, [multi-factor authentication](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), and advanced monitoring, ensuring your privileged accounts are secure yet accessible. 

Let us show you how our tailor-made security strategies can fortify your infrastructure. Schedule a demo with our experts today and take the first step towards unparalleled cybersecurity protection with miniOrange.


Discover what privileged accounts are & types that grant users elevated access to essential IT resources, such as servers and databases, beyond standard permissions.

What are Privileged Accounts? and its Types



## What is IAM? {#what-is-aim}
Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a framework of policies, processes, and technologies designed to ensure that the right people have the right level of access to the right resources at the right time, and for the right reasons. Essentially, IAM is about securing digital identities and regulating access to sensitive information and systems within an organization. It plays a critical role in maintaining security, especially as organizations manage increasing amounts of data and access points.
Effective IAM is essential for adopting a Zero Trust security framework, which operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." By ensuring that only authorized users have access to specific resources, IAM helps organizations comply with regulatory requirements and significantly reduces the risk of cyber threats like ransomware and privilege escalation. Overall, we can say that IAM not only protects against unauthorized access but also strengthens overall cybersecurity posture, making it an important aspect of any organization's security strategy.

## The Four Pillars of IAM {#the-four-pillars-of-iam}
IAM is a comprehensive framework anchored by four key components: IGA, AM, PAM, and ADmgmt


### 1. Access Management (AM) {#access-management-am}
Access Management (AM) is a core component of IAM that focuses on controlling and managing how users access resources within an organization. It ensures that users have the appropriate permissions to perform their roles while safeguarding sensitive data and systems from unauthorized access.

Key features of access management include centralized role and permission management, which allows administrators to define and manage user roles and access rights from a single, unified platform. This centralization simplifies the process of assigning and adjusting permissions as users' roles within the organization evolve. AM systems also support multiple authentication protocols, enabling secure access across diverse environments and applications.

Additionally, Access Management implements Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), which restricts access based on the user’s role within the organization, ensuring that they only have access to the resources necessary for their job functions. To further enhance security, AM often incorporates Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification before gaining access. Another valuable feature is temporary privilege assignment, which grants users elevated access for a limited time, ensuring that higher-level permissions are not misused or left unchecked.


### 2. Privileged Access Management (PAM) {#privileged-access-management-pam}

Privileged Access Management (PAM) is a critical aspect of IAM that focuses on securing and managing privileged accounts, as accounts/ users with elevated access rights can potentially cause significant harm if compromised. PAM plays an important role in protecting these high-risk accounts from unauthorized access, misuse, and cyber threats.

Key features of PAM include centralized management of privileged accounts and credentials, ensuring that all privileged access is controlled and monitored from a single platform. This centralization helps prevent the misuse of privileged accounts by tightly regulating who can access critical systems and data. PAM also provides fine-grained permissions, allowing organizations to assign the minimum level of access necessary for users to perform their roles, thereby reducing the attack surface.

In addition, PAM supports customized approval workflows that require specific authorization before privileged actions can be taken, adding an extra layer of security. Automated password rotation is another essential feature, regularly changing passwords for privileged accounts to minimize the risk of exposure. PAM also includes session monitoring and auditing, which track and record all activities performed during privileged sessions, enabling real-time oversight and providing a detailed audit trail for compliance and forensic purposes.

### 3. Active Directory Management (AD management) {#ad-management}

Active Directory Management (ADMgmt) focuses on managing identities and access within an organization through Microsoft Active Directory (AD). It plays a crucial role in controlling and securing user access to network resources, applications, and services, making it an essential part of any IAM strategy.

Key features of ADMgmt include seamless integration with cloud identity providers and other IAM components, allowing organizations to manage identities across both on-premises and cloud environments efficiently. ADMgmt also automates the provisioning of AD users and groups, ensuring that user accounts are created, updated, and deactivated as needed. This automation is complemented by robust monitoring, auditing, and reporting tools, which provide visibility into user activities and help maintain security and compliance.

ADMgmt also enforces role-based access control (RBAC) within Active Directory, ensuring that users have access only to the resources they need based on their roles. Additionally, it provides protection against common Active Directory shortcomings, such as misconfigurations and unauthorized access, by implementing best practices and security measures to strengthen AD’s overall security posture.

### 4. Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) {#identity-governance-and-administration-iga}
Identity Governance and Administration (IGA) is an important aspect of IAM, focusing on the centralized management and oversight of user identities and their access rights within an organization. IGA ensures that only authorized individuals have the appropriate access to systems and data, helping to maintain security and compliance across the enterprise.

Key features of IGA include automated workflows that streamline the process of access request management, provisioning, and de-provisioning of user accounts. This automation reduces the manual workload and minimizes errors, ensuring that users receive the right level of access promptly. IGA systems integrate seamlessly with directories and other enterprise systems, allowing for efficient synchronization of identity data across the organization. 

IGA also provides robust tools for entitlement management, which defines and controls what resources users can access based on their roles. It also enforces Segregation of Duties (SoD) policies to prevent conflicts of interest and unauthorized access. Access review workflows, role-based access management, and powerful analytics and reporting tools are also integral to IGA, providing visibility into who has access to what, ensuring compliance with regulations, and enabling informed decision-making regarding access rights.


### Key Aspects of IAM Solutions {#key-aspects-of-iam-solutions}
When evaluating IAM (Identity and Access Management) solutions, several key aspects should be kept in mind for efficient identity management. 
User Management: This involves tracking and managing every user within the organization, including their roles, permissions, and access rights. Effective user management ensures that each user has the correct level of access to perform their duties while minimizing the risk of unauthorized access.
Authentication & Authorization: This component governs how users gain access to resources and systems. It includes mechanisms for verifying user identities (authentication) and determining what resources they can access (authorization). 
User Reviews: Regularly auditing user access is essential to maintaining security. Periodic reviews help ensure that users have the appropriate access for their current roles and that any unnecessary or outdated permissions are revoked. This process reduces the risk of privilege escalation and unauthorized access.
Onboarding and Offboarding: Streamlining the process of adding and removing users is crucial for maintaining security and operational efficiency. Onboarding ensures that new users are quickly granted the access they need, while offboarding ensures that access is revoked when a user leaves the organization, reducing the risk of lingering access.


### Conclusion {#conclusion}
For organizations looking to further strengthen their IAM approach, considering a cloud-based Identity Management Platform is a wise investment. Such a platform offers seamless integration of all IAM components, providing centralized control and improved efficiency. miniOrange offers a robust Unified Identity Platform that can help your organization implement a comprehensive IAM strategy, ensuring that your digital environment remains secure and well-managed.



Identity and Access Management (IAM) is a broad term covering different methods to block unauthorized access.  It’s built on four key pillars: Identity Governance and Administration (IGA), Access Management (AM), Privileged Access Management (PAM), and Active Directory Management (ADMgmt).

4 Pillars of  Identity and Access Management

Let us take an example of a situation where your organization faces a sudden IT outage, locking out key accounts from critical systems. All of this leads to productivity halts, customers growing restless, and every minute costs you valuable time and resources. In moments like these, having an emergency plan is crucial—but does yours include a way to regain access to your digital systems?

This is where break-glass accounts come into play. Often referred to as emergency access accounts, these are your lifeline to restoring control during crises like cyber-attacks or system failures/ system halts. Similar to a fire alarm in a building, a break-glass account serves as your emergency override to regain access to important systems and ensure business continuity.

In this blog, we’ll explore the concept of break-glass accounts, their meaning, why they are important for modern organizations, and best practices for managing them effectively.

## What is a Break Glass Account? {#what-is-a-break-glass-account}


 A Break Glass Account is a specially designated, [high-privilege account](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/) reserved for critical situations where regular access methods fail or immediate intervention is necessary. This account serves as a temporary bypass to standard [access controls, on a temporary basis](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access). It enables administrative access to essential IT systems during emergencies like data breaches, system malfunctions, or password lockouts.
 
 The term "break glass" draws inspiration from the act of shattering a glass panel to activate a fire alarm in urgent situations. Similarly, this account acts as a fail-safe, allowing organizations to regain control of essential systems during crises like data breaches, tool malfunctions, or password lockouts.
 
 A break glass account is pre-configured with elevated privileges, granting emergency access to critical infrastructure, such as root or administrative systems. These accounts bypass regular Identity and Access Management (IAM) or Privileged Access Management (PAM) controls, ensuring operational continuity in exceptional circumstances.
 
 To maintain security, break glass credentials are stringently managed. They are stored securely, accessible only to authorized personnel, and designed with a limited lifespan to prevent misuse. Regular monitoring, documentation, and testing ensure that the account remains functional and is used solely for its intended purpose—addressing emergencies with precision and control.

### Why Do Organizations Need Break Glass Accounts? {#why-do-organizations-need-break-glass-accounts}

Break glass accounts serve as critical safety measures for organizations, enabling access to systems during emergencies when standard access methods fail. These accounts are essential for maintaining operations across various unexpected scenarios, such as natural disasters, technical disruptions, or security breaches.

#### Reasons for Implementing Break Glass Accounts

1. **Operational Recovery:** Break glass accounts provide critical access during system outages or failures, facilitating rapid troubleshooting and minimizing downtime to maintain business continuity.
2. **Emergency Response:** These accounts are essential for swift disaster recovery and incident response, allowing quick access to restore services and address vulnerabilities following cyber-attacks or natural disasters.
3. **Security and Compliance:** During security incidents or when key staff are unavailable, break glass accounts ensure continued access to crucial systems. This access supports compliance needs by enabling secure, audited actions to safeguard and manage sensitive data.
4. **Versatile Accessibility:** Whether it's handling DDoS attacks on cloud services or ensuring healthcare providers can access patient records in emergencies, break glass accounts provide necessary and controlled access to defend, manage, and operate essential functions across various scenarios. 

[![Compliance Benefits of Privileged Access Management Best Practices](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

### The Importance of Break Glass in Technical Security Environments {#importance-of-break-glass-in-technical-security-environments}
Modern security measures, such as [Privileged Access Management](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/) (PAM) and multi-factor authentication [(MFA)](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), are designed to enforce strict access controls, effectively blocking unauthorized users and potential cyber threats. However, these very controls can inadvertently lock out legitimate users, posing risks to business continuity and emergency response efforts.

In high-stakes industries like healthcare or critical infrastructure, being unable to bypass these controls during emergencies can lead to severe consequences, including risks to lives or vital operations. This is where break glass accounts become an indispensable backup mechanism, ensuring uninterrupted access when normal authentication methods fail.

Break glass is essential for scenarios like:
- **System Downtime:** When PAM tools or authentication servers are unavailable due to maintenance or technical failures.
- **Authentication Failures:** Situations where MFA cannot be accessed because of a network outage or infrastructure failure.
- **Cyberattacks:** For instance, during a DDoS attack that disrupts login capabilities across critical systems.
- **User Lockouts:** Cases where a user is locked out due to incorrect password attempts or conditional access policies.
- **Service Disruptions:** Failures in federation services or other system outages requiring immediate intervention.

While PAM and [IAM solutions](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/solutions/) are critical for robust security, having a secure and well-regulated backup like break glass access ensures that organizations are prepared for the unexpected. A strong break glass strategy not only safeguards business operations during crises but also complements your IAM/PAM tools by providing a controlled and auditable emergency access solution.

### Break-Glass Procedures for IT Security: A Step-by-Step Guide {#break-glass-procedures-for-it-security}

Let us have a look at the step-by-step guide to setting up and managing break-glass access effectively.

1. Defining Emergency Access Scenarios

Clearly define the conditions under which emergency access is authorized to prevent unnecessary activation. Therefore prior identification of the situation is required where break-glass accounts will be used, such as service outages/ DDoS attacks/ lost administrative credentials or a combination of any.

2. Pre-Stage Break-Glass Accounts

To effectively manage emergency access, it's crucial to create dedicated break-glass accounts equipped with global admin rights, deliberately exempt from standard access protocols such as multi-factor authentication (MFA). These accounts should remain unlinked to other systems or individuals to mitigate risks associated with dependency failures. Additionally, maintaining at least one break-glass account per platform is advisable, complemented by a second backup account as a wise measure to safeguard against unforeseen emergencies.

3. Assign Emergency Account Managers

Designate an emergency account manager responsible for overseeing and granting break-glass access during operating hours. This individual should ensure that access is only granted after verifying the requestor’s identity and recording all activities for auditing.

4. Implement a Secure Storage System

Store the credentials for break-glass accounts in a highly secure environment, such as:
- Physical vaults for hardware-based keys (e.g., Yubikeys). Or
- Encrypted digital vaults with limited access.

Care should be taken to ensure the storage mechanism aligns with your organization's IT infrastructure (on-premises, cloud, or hybrid).

5. Emergency Activation Procedure
- Step 1: The user initiates a request for break-glass access, citing the specific emergency.
- Step 2: The emergency account manager reviews and validates the request, verifying the user’s identity through pre-approved methods.
- Step 3: Access credentials are provided to the requester, and their activity is continuously monitored throughout the session.

6. Post-Emergency Clean-Up

After resolving the emergency, it is essential to immediately disable or delete the credentials of the break-glass account that was used. This step is followed by a thorough audit of all actions performed during the session to identify and address any suspicious or inappropriate activities. Finally, generate new credentials for the account and ensure they are securely stored, and ready for use in future emergencies, thereby maintaining the integrity and security of your systems.

7. Regular Maintenance and Testing

Periodically review and test the break glass process to ensure it functions smoothly when needed. Regular updation of policies, credentials, and training based on organizational changes or new security challenges.

### Common Challenges with Break Glass Accounts {#common-challenges-with-break-glass-accounts}

1. Mismanagement or Lack of Defined Policies

 Break glass accounts often face challenges due to the absence of clear policies outlining their purpose, access conditions, and usage protocols. Without well-defined guidelines, these accounts can be misused or improperly configured, leading to potential security vulnerabilities.

2. Overuse and Privilege Creep

 When break glass accounts are accessed too frequently or for non-emergency situations, they can suffer from privilege creep—a scenario where unauthorized or excessive permissions accumulate over time. This undermines their intended purpose and increases the risk of exploitation.

3. Absence of Monitoring and Alerts

 A lack of [real-time monitoring](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring) and alerting mechanisms can leave break glass accounts vulnerable to unauthorized access. Without proper tracking, organizations may fail to detect misuse or suspicious activities, making it difficult to maintain security and accountability.


### Best Practices for Managing Break Glass Accounts: miniOrange {#best-practices-for-managing-break-glass-accounts}
At miniOrange, we understand that break glass accounts are critical for maintaining operational continuity during emergencies. However, their high-privilege nature also makes them a potential risk if not managed correctly. To ensure secure and effective management, organizations should follow these best practices:

#### **Define and Document Policies**
Establish clear guidelines for when, how, and by whom break glass accounts can be used. Document these policies in detail to ensure accountability and consistency during emergency situations.

#### **Implement Naming Conventions**
Use intuitive yet secure naming conventions like "Emergency_Admin" or "BG_Admin" to differentiate break glass accounts from standard accounts. This approach ensures they are easily identifiable without revealing sensitive details to unauthorized users.

#### **Regular Audits and Access Reviews**
Conduct periodic reviews to ensure the accounts are not misused. [Audit access logs](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail), review account activity, and verify that these accounts are only accessed under legitimate circumstances.

#### **Automated Password Rotation**
Use [miniOrange's automated password rotation](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-rotation) feature to frequently update break glass account credentials. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access and ensures passwords are current for emergency use.


### Conclusion
Effectively managing **break glass scenarios** is critical to ensuring operational continuity and maintaining security during emergencies. Tools like **miniOrange [Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/)** offer streamlined solutions that simplify and enhance break-glass account management.

With **secure [enterprise vault storage](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/password-vault)**, organizations can protect sensitive credentials, ensuring they are accessible only to authorized personnel during emergencies. **Automated policy enforcement** eliminates the risk of mismanagement by applying predefined rules, while [real-time monitoring](https://www.miniorange.com/reverse-proxy/traffic-monitoring-analytics) ensures all account activities are tracked and flagged for potential risks. Additionally, [compliance reports](https://www.miniorange.com/compliances/) help meet regulatory standards, providing detailed records of broken glass usage for audits and reviews.

By leveraging advanced tools like miniOrange PAM, organizations can mitigate risks, ensure accountability, and maintain seamless access to critical systems when it matters most.


### FAQs {#faq} 

#### **1. How many break glass accounts should an organization have?**
The number of break glass accounts an organization needs depends on its size, infrastructure complexity, and operational requirements. Generally, one or two break glass accounts are sufficient for smaller setups, while larger organizations may need additional accounts to cover distributed teams. 

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#### **2. What tools support break glass accounts?**
Break glass accounts can be supported and managed using robust Privileged Access Management (PAM) solutions, Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems, and credential vaulting tools. Platforms like miniOrange offer built-in features to create, monitor, and secure break-glass accounts. These tools often provide automated auditing, access control policies, and expiration settings to ensure compliance and prevent misuse. 

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#### **3. How to name break glass accounts?**
Naming conventions for break glass accounts should prioritize clarity, relevance, and security. A common practice is to include a prefix like "BreakGlass" or "Emergency" in the account name, followed by the associated system or role (e.g., "BreakGlass_Admin" or "Emergency_AWS_Access"). Avoid overly descriptive names that might reveal sensitive information about the account's purpose to potential attackers. Consistent naming also simplifies account identification and management during audits or emergencies.

Discover the critical role of break-glass accounts in maintaining access during IT emergencies. This guide explores why these privileged accounts are essential for rapid response and system recovery.

Break glass privileged account

What is Privileged Access Management (PAM)?


### What is Privileged Account Management? {#what-is-privileged-account-management}

**Privileged Account Management (PAM)** is a process that focuses on managing and securing [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/) that get access to sensitive servers within an organization's IT environment. It consists of various roles such as granting permissions, making modifications to sensitive data, in simple words who can unlock a system, get access to the system and also take a look at what is inside the IT ecosystem. 

**Privileged accounts** are accounts that have elevated access rights, allowing users to perform critical and sensitive tasks, such as system administration, configuration changes, and access to sensitive data. The privileged account management solution aims to control, monitor, and audit these privileged accounts to ensure that access is granted only to authorized users and for approved activities. Through Privileged Account Management, organizations can reduce the risk of unauthorized access, insider threats, and potential data breaches, while also meeting compliance requirements and enhancing overall cybersecurity.

Privileged Account Management is essential for organizations to protect against cyberattacks that target privileged accounts. If these accounts are compromised, attackers can freely move within the network, conducting harmful actions like downloading malicious files, taking control of servers, and causing financial loss and damage to the organization's reputation. PAM helps prevent such risks and ensures the security of the privileged account. 

![PAM Features](/blog/assets/2023/pam-features.webp)


### What is a Privileged Account? {#what-is-a-privileged-account} 

A Privileged Account, also known as an elevated account, is a powerful and essential type of account in an IT environment. It serves as the foundation for managing organizational resources, including hardware and software. Privileged accounts encompass various types, such as Linux/Unix root accounts, Windows Administrator, Database Administrator (DBA), and various application accounts. These accounts hold significant permissions, allowing IT teams to perform critical tasks like setting up architecture, running essential applications and services, installing software, and overseeing software maintenance tasks. Essentially, privileged accounts act as master keys, providing access to critical IT assets and sensitive information within an organization.

Due to their elevated privileges, privileged accounts are high-value targets for cyber attackers, emphasizing the importance of robust security and management practices, such as [granular access control](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control) and [zero trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/), to protect the organization's IT environment.

#### Types of Privileged Accounts

- **Linux/Unix Root Accounts**: These pam accounts have the highest level of access in Unix-like systems.
- **Windows Administrator Accounts**: These accounts have complete control over the Windows environment.
- **Database Administrator (DBA) Accounts**: These privileged accounts manage and maintain database systems.
- **Application Accounts**: These accounts are used by applications to access databases and other services.

The management of these privileged accounts is crucial to ensuring the security and integrity of the IT infrastructure. PAM account solutions play an important role in controlling and monitoring access, ensuring that only authorized personnel can perform critical operations.

### How to manage Privileged Accounts? {#how-to-manage-privileged-accounts} 

Usually, organizations use various password management software to help employees maintain their credentials for their applications. This approach requires a bit of attention while employees choose and manage their passwords effectively. 
In today’s times, companies are moving forward with their password management and security practices. To accomplish this, robust privileged account and access management solutions must be deployed efficiently. Therefore, privileged account management tools enable your company to improve password protection and strengthen privileged account security overall.

To effectively manage privileged accounts, follow these steps for the PAM Lifecycle:


1. **Define and Classify Privileged Accounts**: Begin by defining and classifying privileged accounts. Your business functions rely on data, systems, and access, and dependence on these entities varies from one organization to another. Consult your disaster recovery plan, which typically classifies your critical systems, and align your privileged accounts to your business risk and operations. Develop IT security policies that explicitly cover privileged accounts, detailing acceptable use and responsibilities.
2. **Discover Privileged Accounts**: Use an automated privileged account discovery tool to identify and locate all these accounts in your IT environment. This will give you a comprehensive understanding of how many such accounts you have and where they are located. Continuous discovery helps curb privileged account sprawl, identify potential insider abuse, and reveal external threats. This step is crucial in the PAM Lifecycle.
3. **Manage and Protect Privileged Accounts**: Protect your pam account passwords by proactively managing, monitoring, and controlling its access with password protection software. Ensure your password management solution can automatically discover and store credentials; schedule password rotation; audit, analyze, and manage individual privileged account session activity; and monitor password accounts to detect and respond to malicious activity proactively. Develop a least privilege policy to limit IT admin access to systems, granting privileges only when required and approved. Effective PAM implementation includes robust management and protection strategies.
4. **Monitor and Record Privileged Account Activity**: Your Privileged Access Management solution should monitor and record privileged account activity. This helps enforce proper behavior and avoid user mistakes because users know their activities are being monitored. Monitoring also aids digital forensics in identifying the root cause of breaches and critical controls that can be improved to reduce future cybersecurity threats. Monitoring is a key component of the PAM Lifecycle.
5. **Detect Abnormal Usage**: Track and alert on user behavior. Up to 80% of breaches involve a compromised user or privileged account. Gain insights into privileged account access and user behavior in real-time to catch suspected account compromises and potential user abuse. Behavioral analytics establish individual user baselines, including user activity, password access, similar user behavior, and time of access, to identify and alert on suspicious activity.
6. **Respond to Incidents**: Prepare an incident response plan in case a pam account is compromised. Simply changing privileged account passwords or disabling them is not adequate when a privileged account is breached. Assume that if a domain administrator account is compromised, your entire Active Directory is also compromised. Follow a comprehensive incident response plan to address such breaches effectively. Incident response is a critical stage in the PAM Lifecycle.
7. **Review and Audit Privileged Account Activity**: Continuously monitor privileged account usage via audits and reports to identify unusual behaviors, which may indicate a breach or misuse. Automated reports help track the cause of security incidents and demonstrate compliance with policies and regulations. Privileged account audits provide essential cybersecurity metrics and vital information for executive decision-making. Regular reviews and audits are integral to successful PAM implementation.


By following these steps and embracing the PAM Lifecycle approach, you can strengthen the security of your privileged accounts and ensure effective management of these critical assets. 



### Privileged Account Management vs Privileged Access Management {#privileged-account-management-vs-privileged-access-management} 

The difference between Privileged Account Management (PAM) and Privileged Access Management (PAM) lies in their scope and focus:

**1. Privileged Account Management (PAM):**

Privileged Account Management specifically deals with the management and security of privileged accounts within an organization's IT environment. It focuses on managing and controlling the access rights and permissions of accounts that have elevated privileges, such as administrative accounts, root Linux/Unix accounts, and database administrator accounts. The main objective of it is to ensure that privileged accounts are properly protected, monitored, and audited to prevent unauthorized access and reduce the risk of security breaches.

**2. Privileged Access Management (PAM):**

Privileged Access Management, on the other hand, encompasses a broader approach that goes beyond just managing privileged accounts. It involves managing and securing all aspects of privileged access within an organization, including not only privileged accounts but also privileged access to applications, systems, databases, and other critical resources. PAM focuses on implementing comprehensive strategies and technologies to control and monitor elevated access and permissions, minimizing the attack surface and enhancing overall security.

While Privileged Account Management (PAM) focuses specifically on managing privileged accounts, Privileged Access Management (PAM) takes a more comprehensive approach, addressing all aspects of privileged access within an organization's IT environment.


### Why is Privileged Account Management important? {#why-is-privileged-account-management-important} 

The Importance of Privileged Access Management:

Privileged Account Management (PAM) is essential for several reasons:

- **Protection from cyberattacks** : Privileged accounts are prime targets for hackers seeking to gain full access to sensitive data and systems. PAM helps secure these accounts and prevents unauthorized access.
- **Mitigating insider threats** : Internal users with elevated privileges can pose significant risks. PAM helps detect and prevent misuse of privileged accounts by insiders, reducing the potential for data breaches.
- **Safeguarding against negligence** : Careless employees may unknowingly expose critical credentials, creating security vulnerabilities. PAM ensures proper controls and minimizes the risk of accidental data exposure.
- **Managing third-party access** : Vendors and ex-employees with privileged access can also pose threats. PAM ensures proper oversight of third-party access to internal infrastructure.
- **Enforcing least privilege** : Many users have more privileges than necessary for their job roles. PAM enforces the principle of least privilege, granting only essential permissions for specific tasks.
- **Proper privilege management** : Over time, unused privileges may be forgotten, leading to security gaps. PAM helps track and revoke privileges when they are no longer needed, reducing the risk of unauthorized actions.

Overall, PAM plays a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity, protecting sensitive data, and ensuring the overall integrity of an organization's IT environment.

### FAQs {#faq}

**1. What is a privileged account management tool?**
A privileged account management tool is a software solution designed to manage and secure privileged accounts within an organization's IT environment. These tools help organizations ensure that individuals have only the necessary levels of access to perform their jobs, thereby minimizing the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches.

**Privileged account management tools offer several key features:**

1. Discovery and Inventory: Automatically discover and catalog all privileged accounts within the network.
2. Access Control: Enforce policies to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive systems and data.
3. Password Management: Securely manage and rotate passwords for privileged accounts to reduce the risk of compromise.
4. Session Monitoring and Recording: Track and record user activities during privileged sessions to detect and respond to suspicious behaviors.
5. Audit and Compliance: Provide detailed reports and audit trails to demonstrate compliance with regulatory requirements and internal policies.

By implementing a **privileged account management tool**, organizations can enhance their cybersecurity posture, reduce the risk of insider threats, and ensure that access to critical IT resources is appropriately managed and monitored.


&nbsp;

**2. What is privileged account management software?**

Privileged account management software is a specialized subset of Identity and Access Management (IAM) that enables organizations to control and monitor the activities of privileged users. These users have access levels above and beyond those of standard users, granting them the ability to perform critical tasks such as system administration, configuration changes, and access to sensitive data.

Privileged account management software offers several essential features:

- **Access Control**: Ensures that only authorized users can access and perform tasks with privileged accounts.
- **Activity Monitoring**: Continuously monitors and records the actions of privileged users once they are logged into the system, providing visibility into their activities.
- **Password Management**: Secures and manages passwords for privileged accounts, including automatic rotation and secure storage.
- **Audit and Compliance**: Generates detailed reports and audit trails to help organizations meet regulatory requirements and internal security policies.
- **Risk Mitigation**: Reduces the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches by enforcing strict access controls and monitoring.


By using privileged account software, organizations can enhance their security posture by ensuring that privileged users have only the necessary access to perform their duties while closely monitoring their activities to detect and respond to any suspicious behavior. This helps safeguard critical IT resources and sensitive information from potential threats.

Privileged Account Management restricts access to sensitive servers and ensures that only authorized users can access privileged accounts.

What is Privileged Account Management?


## What is Privileged Identity Management (PIM)? {#What is Privileged Identity Management (PIM)?}

Privileged Identity Management (PIM) is a security solution that helps organizations manage and protect accounts with [elevated permissions](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privilege-elevation-and-delegation-management-pedm), such as those belonging to system administrators, database managers, service accounts, and superusers. These [privileged accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/) grant access to sensitive data and critical systems, making them valuable targets for cyberattacks.

A robust Privileged Identity Management system helps organizations securely create, control, and monitor these accounts through a centralized platform. These tools reduce the likelihood of data breaches, enhance compliance with regulatory standards, and ensure that only authorized individuals have time-bound, controlled access to critical assets.

## Privileged Identity Management (PIM) Solutions: Key Features {#Privileged Identity Management (PIM) Solutions: Key Features}

Privileged Identity Management (PIM) solutions provide advanced tools to secure and manage privileged accounts with high-level permissions. Here are some essential features that make Privileged Identity Management tools integral to a robust cybersecurity framework:

- **Just-in-Time Access**: PIM solutions offer [Just-in-Time](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) privilege assignment, granting temporary access to privileged accounts only when needed for specific tasks. This reduces the risk of prolonged access and ensures that elevated permissions are revoked automatically once tasks are completed, minimizing exposure to potential threats.
- **Role-Based Access Control**: By implementing [Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/), PIM solutions enforce the [Principle of Least Privilege POLP](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/), providing each user with only the permissions necessary to perform their job. This granular control enhances security by preventing unnecessary access to critical systems, a key benefit of privileged identity management systems.
- **Monitoring and Audit Trails**: Effective Privileged Identity Management includes tracking and logging of all activities related to privileged accounts. Monitoring and [audit trails](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-audit-trail) enable organizations to see who accessed accounts, when, and what actions were taken. This feature helps detect suspicious behavior and provides crucial information for any post-incident analysis.
- **Reporting and Compliance Support**: Privileged Identity Management tools come with robust reporting capabilities to document security-critical events such as login attempts, access requests, and configuration changes. These reports not only aid in internal monitoring but also support [compliance](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance) with industry standards, ensuring that organizations meet regulatory requirements with ease.

[![Download the miniOrange PAM Buyer’s Guide](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-buyers.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/pam-buyers-guide )

### Why Does Your Business Need a Privileged Identity Management Solution?

A Privileged Identity Management (PIM) solution safeguards sensitive information and critical systems by controlling and managing access to privileged credentials. Here’s why implementing a privileged identity management system is crucial for your business:

1. **Protecting Against Cyberattacks and Data Breaches**
Without privileged identity management, businesses are vulnerable to cyberattacks where hackers exploit weak points in the system to steal credentials. If attackers gain access to privileged accounts, they can cause substantial damage—stealing data, disrupting operations, or compromising critical infrastructure. A privileged identity manager minimizes this risk by enforcing strict access controls and protecting sensitive credentials.
2. **Managing Multiple Access Points**
With many employees accessing various applications and systems, managing who has privileged access can be complex and risky. In situations like VPN usage or network routing, multiple users may access the same resources at once, increasing the risk of unauthorized access. A privileged identity management solution allows you to centralize and monitor these access points, ensuring only authorized personnel access critical systems.
3. **Preventing Insider Threats**
Unmanaged privileged identities create a loophole for insider threats, whether intentional or accidental. Employees with unchecked access can misuse their privileges to steal or leak confidential information. Privileged identity management tools provide the controls needed to monitor and restrict access, reducing the risk of insider threats and safeguarding sensitive data.
4. **Knowing Who Has Access**
Without a privileged identity management system, organizations lack visibility over who has access to critical systems and why. This lack of oversight can lead to confusion, making it difficult to track or revoke access when necessary. PIM solutions give businesses full visibility, enabling them to monitor access permissions and quickly identify any unusual or unauthorized access.
5. **Enforcing Strong Password Policies**
Weak passwords remain a common vulnerability for organizations. PIM tools can enforce strong password policies, requiring regular updates and ensuring that privileged credentials are difficult to compromise. This strengthens the overall security of privileged accounts and minimizes the risk of unauthorized access due to weak or easily guessed passwords.

## How Privileged Identity Management Works? {#How Privileged Identity Management Works?}

Privileged Identity Management (PIM) operates by providing controlled, temporary access to sensitive accounts under predefined rules, here’s a look at how a typical PIM 
solution functions:

![How Privileged Identity Management Works?](/blog/assets/2024/how-privileged-identity-management-works.webp)

1. **Defining Privileged Roles and Permissions**
The first step in privileged identity management involves creating roles that come with specific permissions, tailored to the organization's needs. For example, a role like “Database_Admin” might have elevated access to manage database resources. Once these roles are established, only authorized individuals—such as senior administrators—are assigned to them, limiting the exposure of sensitive data to trusted users.
2. **Requesting Access with Justification**
Once roles are in place, users can request temporary activation of these privileged roles through the privileged identity management system. Each request requires the user to specify the time and reason for access, ensuring that permissions are granted only when necessary. Requests often go through an approval process, which can be automated or managed manually by a designated approver.
3. **Approval and Credential Injection**
After submission, requests are either approved or denied based on the user’s permissions and access needs. If approved, the **privileged identity manager** issues the necessary credentials directly into the user session. If denied, the system logs this as an incident, providing a record for future audits.
4. **Timely Revocation of Privileges**
Once the user completes their task, or the set duration expires, the **privileged identity management** solution automatically revokes the user’s access. This [time-bound control](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/solutions/time-based-access-control) prevents prolonged access and minimizes security risks. If more time is required, users can request an extension, ensuring that access remains tightly controlled.
5. **Continuous Monitoring and Auditing**
Privileged identity management tools provide extensive [session monitoring capabilities](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring), including session tracking and audit trails. These features enable administrators to review activity logs, identify unusual behavior, and conduct session replays for deeper analysis when needed. Regular audits are crucial for ensuring safe usage and compliance with organizational and regulatory standards.

## PIM vs PAM vs IAM: Key Differences in Privileged Identity and Access Management {#PIM vs PAM vs IAM: Key Differences in Privileged Identity and Access Management}

Understanding the differences between Privileged Identity Management (PIM), Privileged Access Management (PAM), and Identity & Access Management (IAM) is crucial for building a secure and efficient cybersecurity framework. If you're looking for an in-depth comparison of PIM vs PAM vs IAM , check out our blog on [PIM vs PAM](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/pim-vs-pam/) and [IAM vs PAM](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/iam-vs-pam/). Each of these solutions serves distinct purposes but often works together to provide layered security for managing user access and protecting critical resources. Here’s a breakdown of their unique roles and how they complement each other

### Identity & Access Management (IAM)

[IAM](https://www.miniorange.com/iam/) is the foundation of identity and access security, encompassing policies, technologies, and processes for managing user identities and their access rights within an organization. It ensures that only authenticated and authorized users can access specific resources. While IAM covers all types of users, including employees, customers, and partners, it also includes management of privileged users.

**Key Role of IAM:**

- Manages digital identities across the organization.
- Controls access to various systems and applications.
- Enforces policies to authenticate users and determine their access rights.

IAM is the broadest of the three and serves as the base upon which Privileged Identity Management and Privileged Access Management build additional, specialized security layers.

### Privileged Identity Management (PIM)

PIM focuses specifically on the identities of privileged accounts—those with elevated access, such as system administrators and database managers. PIM solutions are designed to manage the entire lifecycle of privileged identities, including their creation, maintenance, and removal. With privileged identity management tools, organizations can gain visibility over privileged accounts and apply strict access controls to limit their usage to only authorized individuals.

**Key Role of PIM:**
- Discovers manages, and secures privileged identities.
- Enforces policies for the lifecycle management of privileged accounts.
- Limits privileged identity access to prevent unauthorized use.

PIM ensures that privileged accounts are well-governed, thereby reducing the risk of misuse or unauthorized access that could lead to data breaches or insider threats

### Privileged Access Management (PAM) 

[PAM](https://www.miniorange.com/products/privileged-access-management-pam) goes a step beyond privileged identity management by focusing on controlling access to sensitive resources. PAM provides a more comprehensive solution that includes [just-in-time access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access), [secure remote access](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-remote-access), and [session recording](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/privileged-session-monitoring). While PIM secures the identities of privileged users, PAM secures their access to critical systems and data, offering real-time monitoring and validation of privileged sessions.

**Key Role of PAM:**
- Manages access to critical resources for privileged users.
- Provides features like just-in-time access and session monitoring.
- Enhances security with detailed tracking and response to suspicious activities.

PAM offers advanced control over privileged access, allowing organizations to closely monitor how privileged accounts interact with sensitive systems. This makes PAM ideal for detecting and responding to potential security threats in real time.

### How They Work Together

**IAM**, **PIM**, and **PAM** work hand-in-hand to provide comprehensive security. IAM establishes a secure foundation by managing general user identities and access, while PIM and PAM add layers to manage and monitor privileged accounts and access. Together, these solutions ensure that only authorized individuals can access sensitive resources, reducing the risk of both internal and external security threats.

By integrating **Privileged Identity Management** and **Privileged Access Management** within an IAM framework, organizations can achieve a robust security posture, minimizing vulnerabilities and safeguarding valuable assets.


### Compliance Benefits of PIM

Implementing Privileged Identity Management (PIM) supports regulatory compliance by restricting superuser access to authorized individuals only. Many regulations, like the [General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)](https://www.miniorange.com/compliances/gdpr), mandate controlled access to sensitive data and critical assets. With PIM tools and policies, organizations can enforce these standards, ensuring that only qualified personnel access sensitive information, thereby meeting compliance requirements and strengthening security practices.

[![Compliance Benefits of Privileged Access Management](/blog/assets/2024/miniorange-pam-compliance.webp)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/resources/privileged-access-management-compliance )

### What are the Best Practices for Privileged Identity Management(PIM)?
To implement Privileged Identity Management(PIM), it can be helpful to follow these proven strategies:

- Create a policy that specifies how superuser accounts are managed and what the account holders should and should not be able to do.
- Develop a management model that identifies a responsible party to ensure that the above policies are followed.
- Inventory privileged accounts to determine how extensive the population is and to identify the holders.
- Establish tools and processes for management, such as [provisioning](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-provisioning/) tools or specialized PIM products.

It's also important to identify the attack surface, i.e., all the enterprise assets that are at risk of compromise if a privileged account is misused. Creating an IT asset inventory can show which assets are most in need of protection, which can then provide guidance for the creation of an effective privileged account policy and program.

Deploying two-factor authentication or [multifactor authentication](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa), implementing a password policy, and monitoring the behaviors and activities of privileged account holders are some other ways to implement PIM and protect privileged accounts and the enterprise from malicious users.

### How to Choose the Right Privileged Identity Management (PIM) Solution for Your Enterprise in 2024

Selecting the right Privileged Identity Management (PIM) solution for your enterprise is essential to ensure comprehensive protection over high-level accounts. Here are some critical factors to consider as you evaluate PIM solutions:

1. Identify Your Organization’s Privileged Account Needs
Begin by understanding the scope and requirements of your organization’s privileged accounts. Assess how many privileged accounts are in use, the level of access each requires, and the specific areas where privileged access is most critical. This assessment will guide you in choosing a PIM solution that best aligns with your organization’s security needs.
2. Look for Robust Access Control Features
A strong PIM solution should offer advanced access control features, such as [Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-is-role-based-access-control-rbac/) and Just-in-Time (JIT) access. These features help limit access to critical systems by ensuring each user only has access when they genuinely need it. Look for tools that support granular control, helping you enforce the [principle of least privilege](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp/) effectively.
3. Prioritize Monitoring and Auditing Capabilities
Effective monitoring and auditing are essential components of privileged identity management systems. Choose a solution that provides real-time tracking, session recording, and detailed audit trails to detect any suspicious activities. Comprehensive monitoring enables quick responses to security incidents and provides the insights needed for compliance reporting.
4. Ensure Compliance Support
A Privileged Identity Management system that includes compliance support will help you meet regulatory standards such as GDPR, HIPAA, and more. Look for a PIM solution with automated reporting features and easy access to audit logs, ensuring that you can quickly provide compliance documentation when needed.
5. Consider Scalability and Integration
As your organization grows, your PIM needs may change. Choose a solution that can scale alongside your enterprise and integrate smoothly with existing identity and access management (IAM) systems. A scalable and compatible PIM solution will offer flexibility as your security landscape evolves.
6. Evaluate User Experience and Usability
PIM solutions that are intuitive and user-friendly encourage widespread adoption among your IT teams. Select a tool with a clear interface and streamlined workflows, ensuring that your administrators can manage privileged accounts efficiently without complex processes.


## Next Step {#Next Step}

In 2024, as cybersecurity threats continue to evolve, having a reliable and comprehensive PIM solution is more critical than ever. [miniOrange](https://www.miniorange.com/) offers powerful PIM solutions tailored to meet enterprise needs, helping you secure privileged identities and protect sensitive data with confidence.



Privileged Identity Management (PIM) safeguards and manages privilege accounts, controlling access to sensitive resources. Discover PIM’s tools features, benefits, and uses.

What is Privileged Identity Management (PIM)? A Complete Guide for 2024


### Rise of Cybersecurity Threats to Banks and Financial Institutions {#rise-of-cybersecurity-threats-to-banks-and-financial-institutions}

It is estimated that the cost of cyber attacks in the banking sector has increased dramatically, reaching 15.4 million euros per firm yearly. Protecting the assets of the consumer is the main goal of cybersecurity in digital banking. More and more activities or transactions are being done online as more and more businesses are going cashless. Cyber crimes in digital banking have an impact on both the customer and the banks. Banks have to invest a substantial sum of money and resources in order to be able to recover data. Along with that banks also lose their customer’s trust when such issues arise. 

![Cyber Security Threats](/blog/assets/2023/cyber-security-threats.webp)

Banking security experts today need to be familiar with a dizzying array of terminologies and methods, including Trojans, Rock Phish, phishing, pharming, spear phishing, session hijacking, man-in-the-middle, and man-in-the-browser attacks. Obtaining private user data like usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, and social security numbers is the common goal of most attack tactics, despite the diversity of the attacks. The issue stems from the fact that these credentials are all static but never change. Once obtained, the attacker can use them to pose as the customer and commit fraud.

Even though the end-consumer suffers losses, card issuers and banks will face the majority of the burden, including refunding the customer, dealing with refund fees/fines, and investigative expenses, which frequently result in reputation loss.

Thus, banks and financial institutions must have strong cybersecurity technology know-how because data breaches may make it difficult for people to trust financial institutions.  If banks don’t take appropriate steps to safeguard users’ data, then it can be readily compromised resulting in many issues, such as fraud.

### Why is MFA required for Banks and Financial Institutions? {#why-is-mfa-required-for-banks-and-financial-institutions}

The biggest drawback of using the traditional user ID and password logins is that the passwords can be easily stolen by hackers which can cause millions of dollars in damages. Brute-force cyber attacks are a serious concern since cyber criminals can use automated password cracking tools to try different login and password combinations until they discover the proper combination. Although locking an account after a specific number of unsuccessful login attempts might aid with organisation security, hackers have access to a variety of different ways to get access to systems. This is why implementing Multi-factor Authentication is crucial for an organization as it can greatly reduce cybersecurity-related risks.

Multifactor authentication is a security measure that requires users to provide more than one piece of evidence to verify their identity. This can include something that the user knows, like a password or PIN, something that the user has, like a security token or key, or something that the user is, like a fingerprint or iris scan.

By requiring multiple forms of authentication, banks and financial institutions can make it much harder for unauthorized individuals to access sensitive data and assets. Multifactor authentication can also make it easier to track and manage user access, as each user will need to have their own unique set of authentication factors.

There are a few different ways that banks and financial institutions can implement multifactor authentication. Banks and financial institutions should carefully consider which authentication factors to use and how to best implement multifactor authentication in order to protect their data and assets. Let’s have a look at the different types of MFA methods.

 
### Types of MFA methods {#types-of-mfa-methods}

The three most fundamental categories or authentication factors are Something you know, also known as the knowledge factor; something you have, sometimes known as the possession element; and something you are, also known as the inherence factor.

- **Knowledge factor**: Answering a personal security question is often required for knowledge-based authentication. Passwords, four-digit personal identification numbers (PINs), and one-time passwords are the most common knowledge factor technologies (OTPs).
- **Possession factor**: Users must have something specific in their possession in order to log in, such as a badge, token, key or phone subscriber identity module (SIM) card. For mobile authentication, a smartphone often provides the possession factor in conjunction with an OTP app.
The most common possession factor user scenarios include mobile authentication, where users receive a code via their smartphone to gain or grant access. These include text messages and phone calls sent to a user as an out-of-band method, and smartphone OTP apps.
- **Inherence factor**: Any biological characteristics that are verified for login by the user. 

The following biometric verification techniques are included in inheritance factor technologies: 

- retina/iris scan
- fingerprint scan
- facial recognition
- voice recognition   

### Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for SWIFT Banking Application {#multi-factor-authentication-mfa-for-swift-banking-application}

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, or SWIFT, is the world’s top provider of secure financial messaging services. SWIFT is a global banking application that is used by thousands of banks and financial institutions around the world on a daily basis.

The SWIFT infrastructure is used to securely transmit more than 40 million financial communications each day. It allows the transfer of trillions of dollars of cross-border payments between 11,000 financial institutions in more than 200 countries with each member having its own SWIFT code. 

SWIFT has been the target of attacks in recent years, with criminals attempting to send fraudulent messages through the system. MFA can help protect against these types of attacks by requiring the user to provide more than just a password to log in and greatly reduce the risk of an unauthorized individual trying to access a critical banking application like SWIFT.

### miniOrange’s MFA Solution {#miniOrange-mfa-solution}

miniOrange provides an advanced [MFA solution](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa) that ensures the correct identity has access to your sensitive information.

![MFA Workflow](/blog/assets/2023/mfa-workflow.webp)

### MFA methods supported by miniOrange {#mfa-methods-supported-by-miniorange}

miniOrange supports [15+ authentication methods](https://www.miniorange.com/products/multi-factor-authentication-mfa-methods) that include:

- **SMS and Phone Callback**: Receive a text on your mobile with the information required to validate yourself for the second factor.
- **MFA Apps**: Receive a Time-based OTP Token (TOTP) by an external authentication app such as Google/Microsoft authenticator for secure login.
- **miniOrange Authenticator App**: Use the miniOrange authenticator to get your login information in the form of a soft token, push notification or a QR code.
- **Email**: Get your login information such as login links and password keys on your registered email address.
- **Hardware Token**: Use a physical USB token on your computer, which generates the required information to gain access.
- **Security Questions**: Answer a few knowledge-based security questions which are only known to you to authenticate yourself.

### Adaptive Authentication/Risk-based Authentication {#adaptive-authentication-risk-based-authentication}

miniOrange provides an advanced form of Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) known as Adaptive Authentication.

[Adaptive Authentication](https://www.miniorange.com/products/adaptive-multi-factor-authentication-mfa) (Risk-Based Authentication) is a process of selecting the right authentication factors depending on a user’s risk profile defined and tends to adapt to the type of authorization factors.

Adaptive MFA authentication prompts for Multi-Authentication (MFA) based on the user’s behaviour, device IP, and geo-location, resulting in the highest degree of protection. Simply stating, authentication techniques are changed based on real-time circumstances. 

Every login attempt does not have to go through 2FA with risk-based authentication. Instead, each and every transaction is analyzed and risk-assessed. In addition, a risk score is provided to determine if the transaction can be completed safely.

For example, when an employee of the bank tries to access a critical application such as SWIFT, adaptive authentication determines the risk levels based on the user’s role, resource significance, location, time of day, and also the day of the week. Based on their behaviour over time, the system may maintain track of users’ normal activities. Automatic rules will be defined based on behaviour, and authentication will be prompted accordingly. This helps to strongly verify and give access only to the required users.

### Benefits of miniOrange MFA Solution {#benefits-of-miniOrange-mfa-solution}

- Enhanced Security
- Fraud Prevention
- Real-time Restriction Methods based on user attributes like:
  - IP address
  - Device ID
  - Geo-location
  - Time of access
- Improved User Trust
- Reduced Management Cost
- Increased Productivity and Flexibility
- Adaptability for Different Use-Cases

### Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Guidelines {#reserve-bank-of-india-rbi-guidelines}

Since October 1, 2021, India’s Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has made MFA essential for transactions involving automatic recurring payments such as phone top-up, DTH, OTT, and utility bills.

Instead of the earlier, more straightforward auto-debit rules, the new regulations, which went into effect on October 1, 2021, required customers to give their consent for every recurring payment of over Rs 5,000 and to go through a two-factor authentication process each time a payment is to be made.

Banks now have to notify consumers in advance of any regular payments that are due and only deduct the money after verification, per these new regulations. Additionally, for recurring payments of more than Rs. 5000, banks are required to issue a one-time password (OTP).

The rules were put in place to make digital payments for customers safe and secure.

RBI has provided guidelines for implementing multi-factor authentication. You can find more information on these rules here.

### How miniOrange implemented MFA for Punjab National Bank (PNB) {#how-miniOrange-implemented-mfa-for-punjab-national-bank-pnb}

As a multinational bank that is government-run, privacy is a crucial factor in every transaction. PNB ran into an issue with the Swift Application’s design inside its department that handled global transactions. International transactions necessitate the use of foreign currencies. Several SAML-compliant apps were used to manage these currencies. Even though PNB had a private network for these apps, they only had their Active Directory-based username and password authentication to verify the user identities of the workers.

As a result, a number of apps were open to unauthorized access by people or other entities that might exploit current user IDs to log into the applications. This can be extremely damaging to the organisation and its clients. PNB decided that these apps needed the Second Factor of Authentication to close these vulnerabilities in their system. Users would authenticate twice, first with their current Active Directory credentials and again with a different set of values from OTP, Google authenticator, hardware tokens, and other sources, increasing their security.

miniOrange provided PNB with an On-Premise solution for Two-Factor Authentication. This solution was critical in increasing security and preventing unauthorized access to critical applications.

You can read more on how miniOrange provided a custom MFA solution based on PNB’s requirements here.

### Conclusion {#further-reading}

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) can be an important security measure for banks and financial institutions. MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide more than one form of authentication. It ensures that only the right people have access to the valuable assets and information of a bank or financial institution.

MFA is needed for banks to protect against various online threats, such as phishing attacks, account takeovers and several others. In this digital age, it is more important than ever to have the proper security measures in place to protect your business and customers. MFA is one of the most effective ways to protect your organization from cyber-crime.

You can sign up for a free trial account to test miniOrange’s MFA solution here or if you would like to see a demo of our MFA solution click here.

MFA for Banks and Financial Institutions adds an extra layer of security which ensures that only the right people have access to the valuable assets and information.

Why is Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) necessary for Banks and Financial Institutions?


Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) is a proactive security strategy that focuses on restricting access to sensitive data by removing permanent access rights. This approach ensures that access privileges are granted on a Just-in-Time basis, significantly reducing the risk of data breaches and compliance issues. 

&nbsp;

In this blog, we will dive into the concept of zero-standing privileges,

- Examine how standing privileges arise
- Discuss the implementation of Just-in-Time (JIT) access, and 
- Know more about the ZSP model.

&nbsp;

We will also highlight the potential risks associated with standing privileges, outline the advantages of adopting a zero standing privilege philosophy, and overview of the best practices for integrating ZSP into your security framework. 

## What is Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP)? {#What is Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP)?}

The term Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) was coined by [Gartner](https://www.gartner.com/en) that define the ideal state for managing privileged access in an organization to reduce the risks of credential theft, misuse of privileges, security breaches, and data loss.

&nbsp;

Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) is a security concept where no persistent or always-on privileged access rights are granted to any identities or accounts, be it a human or a machine. This approach aims to eliminate standing privileges, operating under the principle that privileges should only be granted on a [Just-in-Time (JIT)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) basis. 

&nbsp;

ZSP represents the ideal outcome in a [Privileged Access Management (PAM)](https://www.miniorange.in/products/privileged-access-management-pam) model, where continuous authentication and the application of the least privilege are essential. The framework aligns closely with [Zero Trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/) strategies, which advocate for the removal of default, and uninterrupted access privileges and emphasize that no access should be given based on assumed trust.

&nbsp;

Implementing ZSP means that administrative or authorized access is never pre-assigned but is automatically allocated for specific tasks and only for the necessary duration. This method significantly reduces the cyberattack surface by limiting the opportunities for privilege abuse. By ensuring that privileges are securely tailored and short-lived, ZSP helps prevent the collection of access rights that could lead to data breaches, unauthorized data access, and other security violations. This approach enhances security protocols and supports compliance by implementing strict access control standards.


## What is a Just-in-Time Access Model? {#what-is-a-just-in-time-access-model}

The [Just-in-Time (JIT)](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/just-in-time-privileged-access) Access Model is a strategic approach to privilege management that drastically reduces the active window during which privileges are available. Unlike traditional models that grant standing privileges indefinitely, JIT access limits privilege activation to the precise moments they are needed. This targeted allocation minimizes the attack window, significantly enhancing the organization's security structure. By controlling the duration of access, JIT effectively closes the gaps that could potentially be exploited by malicious user activities.

![just in time (jit) access model](/blog/assets/2024/what-is-just-in-time-access.webp)

Implementing a JIT model transforms how administrative privileges are handled. For example, in a standard environment, an administrator might have continuous access throughout the week, 24*7, 7 days a week,  totaling 168 hours. 

&nbsp;

However, with JIT, this access could be restricted to as little as a few hours, or even minutes per week, based on specific tasks and operational requirements. This reduction ensures that access rights are provided dynamically and only as needed. 

## Why are Zero Standing Privileges Important? {#Why are Zero Standing Privileges Important?}

Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) are increasingly recognized as an essential aspect of modern cybersecurity frameworks, particularly in environments where access rights need to be revised frequently. By adopting ZSP, organizations implement [granular access control](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/granular-access-control), policy-based security controls that provide users with short-term access on a needed basis. 

&nbsp;

This approach not only ensures that access rights are promptly revoked after the completion of a task but also significantly reduces the administrative burden on IT teams who would otherwise spend considerable time on [provisioning and de-provisioning](https://www.miniorange.com/products/user-provisioning) access. Moreover, the limited access granted under ZSP can enhance an organization's eligibility for cyber insurance, potentially lowering the costs associated with recovering from a security breach.

&nbsp;

Another critical advantage of ZSP is its capacity to limit excessive administrative privileges, which are commonly overextended in many IT environments. Administrative users often retain high levels of access, which can pose significant security risks if exploited. By limiting administrative access to only what is necessary for specific tasks and durations, ZSP minimizes the risk of unauthorized activities and potential internal and external threats. Additionally, this model reduces the need for an organization to manage a large volume of passwords, secrets, and keys, thereby simplifying the security infrastructure and further securing the IT environment against breaches and unauthorized access.


### The risks of standing privileges

Let us now have a look at a few of the risks associated with standing privileges 

![Risks of standing privileges according to Gartner](/blog/assets/2024/risks-of-standing-privileges.webp)

1. **Excessive Access Risk**: Standing privileges allow for continuous, unmonitored access to IT resources, making them vulnerable if credentials are compromised, granting attackers unrestricted entry into the system.
2. **Security Issues with Permanent Access**: The necessity to constantly monitor who has access to what, especially in growing IT environments with remote work, demands significant ongoing management and can lead to security oversights.
3. **Increased Risk of Lateral Movement**: Withstanding privileges, attackers can use compromised credentials to move laterally within the network, accessing sensitive areas and escalating privileges, thus amplifying the potential damage from a breach.
4. **Resource Drain in Access Management**: Continuous provisioning and de-provisioning of access for new or departing employees can overextend an organization's resources, increasing the chance of errors that lead to breaches.
5. **Inadequacy of Traditional PAM Solutions**: Traditional [Privileged Access Management solutions](https://www.miniorange.com/pam/) often fail to adequately prevent breaches from compromised credentials, underscoring the need for a Zero Standing Privileges approach to limit access to resources strictly as needed.

## What is Zero Trust vs least privilege? {#what-is-zero-trust-vs-least-privilege}

Zero Trust and the principle of least privilege are two fundamental concepts in cybersecurity that focus on minimizing access risks, but they differ in their approach and emphasis.

&nbsp;

[Zero Trust](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/zero-trust-security-model/) operates on the principle of "never trust, always verify." This means it doesn't automatically trust anything inside or outside its network. Instead, Zero Trust requires verification for every access request regardless of where the request originates or what resource it accesses. It involves continuous authentication and authorization checks to ensure security is maintained throughout a session, not just at the entry point.

![What is the Principle of least privilege? (PoLP)](/blog/assets/2024/principle-of-least-privilege-polp.webp)


[Least Privilege](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/principle-of-least-privilege-polp), on the other hand, is about limiting user access rights to only what is strictly necessary to perform their job functions. It focuses on minimizing the potential damage that could occur if an account is compromised. By providing the minimum level of access required, it reduces the risk and impact of a security breach.

&nbsp;

While Zero Trust encompasses a broader, more holistic approach to network security—constantly questioning the security status of assets and user access—least privilege is more specifically concerned with ensuring users don’t have more access than they need. Both approaches aim to enhance security by controlling access based on user identity and context, but they apply their principles in slightly different ways to protect digital environments.

### Difference between ZSP and PoLP

| Aspect                        | Zero Trust Security (ZTS)                | Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP)           |
|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------|
| **Core Principle**            | Never trust, always verify.              | Grant the minimum necessary access.           |
| **Verification**              | Continuous authentication and checks.    | Initial setup of minimal access, adjusted as needed. |
| **Scope**                     | Broad: network, devices, users, data.    | Specific: user and application access.        |
| **Focus**                     | Trust validation at every access.        | Limiting access to minimize risk.             |
| **User Access**               | Dynamic based on risk assessment.        | Static setup, modified as needed.             |
| **Implementation**            | MFA, micro-segmentation, monitoring.     | Role management, access reviews, audits.      |
| **Examples**                  | Multi-checkpoint user verification, secure remote access. | Assigning read-only access to sensitive data.  |



### How does Zero Standing Privileges work?

Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) is a security approach designed to minimize the risk of excessive or unnecessary access rights within an organization's IT environment to their [Privileged Accounts](https://www.miniorange.com/blog/what-are-privileged-accounts/). 

Here’s how it works step-by-step:

1. **Authentication and Request** : The process begins with a user authenticating themselves in the system. After authentication, the user requests specific access rights or entitlements. These requests are aligned with the principle of least privilege, meaning the user asks only for the access necessary to perform a particular task.
2. **Time-bound Access** : The request includes not only the specific entitlements needed but also the duration for which they are required. This duration should be as short as feasible to minimize risk, as longer access periods can potentially expose the system to greater security threats.
3. **Processing the Request** : After the request is made, it needs to be processed. In simpler or smaller-scale implementations, this might involve a manual approval flow where an assigned approver manually reviews and approves the request. However, for efficiency and to reduce the chance of human error, automating this approval process is recommended where feasible.
4. **Provisioning Access** : Once the request is approved, the system automatically provisions the requested entitlements to the user's federated identity. This means the access rights are temporarily granted to the user for the duration specified.
5. **Performing the Task** : With the entitlements provisioned, the user can then proceed to carry out the necessary tasks or work. The system ensures that access is configured correctly for the duration of the session.
6. **Termination of Access** : After the work is completed, the user either actively ends the session or lets the access rights expire as per the set time limit. The ZSP system then automatically enforces the removal of all the entitlements or roles that were granted temporarily.

This approach effectively reduces the risk of permanent, excessive, or unused privileges within the system, aligning with broader security strategies like Zero Trust by continuously adapting access controls based on ongoing assessments of need and risk.

The user is returned to the default state of zero permissions.

## Explore miniOrange PAM Solution {#explore-miniorange-pam-solution}

miniOrange PAM solution revolutionizes traditional Privileged Access Management by offering seamless and secure control over your organization's critical resources. With miniOrange PAM, you empower your team to grant access precisely when it's needed, enhancing security without compromising on productivity. Our solution utilizes the principles of zero standing privileges and just-in-time access, which minimizes the risk of unauthorized access and significantly reduces the threat of data breaches.

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Zero Standing Privileges (ZSP) minimize risk by eliminating persistent privileged access in IT environments.